LING 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Phonetic Transcription, Dill, Free Variation
11 Jan 2017
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Phonetics: the study of all possible speech sounds. Phonology: study the way speaker use a selection of these sounds to express meaning: ecog(cid:374)itio(cid:374) of the (cid:862)sa(cid:373)e(cid:863) sou(cid:374)ds eve(cid:374) though they are articulatory differe(cid:374)t. Phonology deals with the abstract mental representations of sounds. Phonemes: distinctive, contrastive groups of sounds: forward slashes / / are used to represent the phonemes vs. [ ] which represent phonetic transcription. Phonemes contrast to form minimal pairs: sip, sin; pig, peg (only one sound difference) Or minimal sets: bill, dill, gill; feat, fat, fate, fought, foot; bit, bet, bait, bat, bought, but, boot. Replacing one phoneme changes the meaning of the word. How do linguists find out the phonetic inventory of a language: by substituting single sounds in words. If the result is a different word, then the sounds contrast, therefore are phonemes. If substituting sounds do not change the words, then they are phonetic. E. g. the aspiration in p, t, k.
