BIOL 2060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Net Reproduction Rate, Top Hat, Generation Time

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sapphirecockroach400

21 Aug 2018

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Invest less in offspring (e. g. birds and reptiles: constant survival probability. Examples of type 3 survivorship curve: plants or insects, plants: produce many seeds. Calculating survivorship in red squirrel (cohort life table: 1989-2008) Cross sectional life table red squirrels (1998: more 3 year olds than 2 year olds- survival probabilities have changed through time, survival of birth from one year of age is not constant. In a cohort, the numbers have to go down but in cross sectional it can go up or down. If every female is producing one daughter, she"s simply replacing herself. If every female produces 2, then population is doubling. If female produces half a daughter in her life, then population is shrinking: net reproductive rate can never be negative. What was the net reproductive rate for red squirrels. Intrinsic rate of increase (r: estimates the populations capacity for growth given its patterns of survivorship, its patterns of fertility and its development time.

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You are part of a group of researchers examining the survivorship and fecundity of Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Parts of the reserve are well-protected from poaching, and other parts are largely unprotected. Over a period of several years, youâve gathered demographic data (summarized below) on tigers in both poached and unpoached locations; assume that mx numbers represent female offspring born per female. Note that your demographic data begins at age 1, and does not include survivorship of cubs from birth to age 1. Also, note that Sx is listed here -- this is related to, but is NOT the same as lxâ¦ To calculate r, use the formula r = ln(Ro)/T

		Including
	unpoached	poached
Tiger age (x)	Sx	Sx	Mx
0	1	1	0
1			0
2	0.83	0.69	0.04
3	0.91	0.65	0.64
4	0.9	0.62	0.78
5	0.85	0.6	0.71
6	0.76	0.58	0.77
7	0.73	0.58	0.77
8	0.61	0.58	0.77
9	0	0	0

a. Use the âunpoachedâ data to produce a life table that extends from birth (age 0) to age 8. Use this life table to estimate the probability of tiger cub survival from birth to age 1 (s1) that would be required to make the tiger population of the unpoached portion of the refuge stationary (neither growing nor shrinking). Calculate Ro, T, and r for this population.

tanhedgehog615

2. What would you expect if the ability to produce capsaicin isgenetic? Choose all that apply.
a. Some offspring of plants that produce capsaicin will alsoproduce capsaicin.
b. It is not possible to predict if offspring of plants thatproduce capsaicin will also produce capsaicin. c. Plants will onlycontain capsaicin if it is present in the soil and can be absorbedby the roots.

3. In biology, what is an adaptation?
a. A trait with a genetic basis that increases the fitness of anindividual with the trait in a particular

environment, compared to individuals lacking the trait.
b. A characteristic of an organism that can change in response tothe environment.
c. Any characteristic of an organism that increases the fitness ofan individual in a particular environment,

compared to individuals lacking the trait.

4. Consumption of chili fruits by rodents would ...
a. Decrease the fitness of chili plants since gnawing damages theseeds.
b. Have no effect on the fitness of chili plants since the plantproduces lots of seeds and fruits. c. Increases the fitness ofchili plants since seeds are dispersed to new locations.

âLas alas del Diabloâ by Brett C. Couch

Page 5

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE

How might dispersal of chili seeds by birds benefit a chiliplant? Choose all that apply.
a. Seeds are transported to new locations so the offspring are notgrowing close to the parent and competing

with it for light, water, space or minerals from soil.
b. Some seeds may be moved to locations with appropriate conditionsfor growth of seedlings.
c. Some seeds may be moved to locations that lack appropriateconditions for plant growth.
d. Seeds are widely dispersed so the offspring donât compete witheach other for light, water, space or minerals

from soil.
e. Seeds are damaged when the birds eat the fruits and fail togerminate.
Consumption of chili fruits by birds could ...
a. Increase the fitness of thrashers by providing nutrition, whichcan contribute to the increased production of

offspring.
b. Have no effect on the fitness of thrashers since thrashers donâtdigest the seeds and the nutrition in the seeds

would not contribute to increased production of offspring.
c. Reduce the fitness of thrashers since thrashers donât digest theseeds and the loss of nutrition in the seeds

would reduce the production of offspring.
What is an experimental control?
a. An experimental group or treatment that serves as a reference towhich a treatment group or treatment(s)

can be compared.
b. A group that is not used in an experiment.
c. An experimental group or treatment that represents naturalconditions. d. An experimental group or treatment that lacks thefactor of interest.
Does capsaicin production have a genetic basis?
a. Yes, capsaicin production is controlled by the Hot2 gene.
b. Yes, capsaicin production is controlled by the Pun1 gene.
c. No, if capsaicin is present in the soil it is taken up by theplant and concentrated in the fruit. d. No, capsaicin is made bythe plant not a gene.
What is (are) the control(s) in the food choice experimentperformed by Tewksbury and Nabhan? a. Hackberry

b. Mild chilies
c. Hot chilies
d. Hackberry and mild chilies e. Mild chilies and hot chilies
Why is hackberry used as a control?
a. Hackberries are a control for fruit characteristics other thancapsaicin (e.g., color, other chemicals). b. Hackberries are acontrol for hunger or willingness to eat.
c. Hackberries are part of the natural habitat of cactusmice.
d. a and b.
e. a, b and c.
What criteria must be met for a trait to be considered anadaptation?
a. Individuals with the trait generally have more offspring thanindividuals without the trait. b. The trait changes due to theenvironment (e.g., animals growing a thick coat in winter). c. Thetrait can be passed on to an organismâs offspring.
d. a and c.
e. a, b and c.

ultramarinehornet16

Last winter and spring you studied a population of an annual plant in the desert. All individuals of this species contain both female and male parts (i.e. all plants produce seeds). In a study plot, you monitored a whole generation of this plant, from seeds to death, noting how many seeds or offspring each plant produced. At the beginning, there were 100 individuals or seeds. After 5 months, all the individuals you began monitoring had died. You summarized your data in the following table.

Age (months)	Number surviving to end of month	Average number of seeds produced per individual plant during the month
1	100	0
2	60	4
3	30	2
4	10	4
5	0	0

Over the course of this study (1 generation), each plant in this population produced an average of how many new individuals or seeds?

	a.	0.6
	b.	1.92
	c.	3.4
	d.	10
	e.	348

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BIOL 2060 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Net Reproduction Rate, Top Hat, Generation Time

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