BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cell Division, Dna Replication, Somatic Cell

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18 Jan 2018

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Cells and dna content: haploid gametes (sex cells) (c, diploid zygote or somatic cell (2c, diploid cell after dna replication (4c) Still 2 unique chromosomes (mom and dad), but the amount of dna has doubled. Each duplicated chromosome is composed of identical sister chromatids. Prokaryotes: cell division involves duplication of the chromosome and partitioning of the contents of the mother cell more or less equally into each daughter cell. Interphase: the time between successive mitosis (g1 + s + g2: cells that are not actively cycling may eit the cell cycle, from g1 they enter a state called g0. These cells are said to be quiescent: just prior to mitosis, each human chromosome has been duplicated by dna replication: 23 pairs of chromosomes (46) each with two identical chromatids (92 chromatids) Prophase: fragmentation of er and golji, nucleous disappears, nuclear membrane starts to break down. Metaphase: duplicated chromosomes are aligned midway between the spindle poles: spindle.

Related Questions

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Which of the following statements are false about the comparison between mitosis and meiosis? Select all. that apply. Multiple answers: You can select more than one option A Two cytokinesis events occur in mitosis but only one in meiosis B Meiosis results in half the number of homologous chromosome pairs as the original cell whereas mitosis has the same number as the original cell C Mitosis occurs in somatic cells while meiosis only occurs in germ cells D Both haploid and diploid cells undergo mitosis and meiosis E Both mitosis and meiosis have one round of DNA replication in the preceding Interphase period F Chromosomes undergo disjunction in mitosis but not in meiosis G Meiosis leads to a reductive division in the number of chromosomes whereas mitosis does not Unanswered

Q1. Peter's blood type is A+ & Rita's blood type is B-. Peter's parents are blood types O- and A+, while Rita's parents are B+ and A+.

a) what are peter's parent's genotypes with respect to the ABO blood type locus and Rh factor?

b) what are rita's parent's genotypes with respect to the ABO blood type locus and Rh factor?

c) what proportion of peter's & rita's offspring would be Rh-positive?

d) what proportion of peter's & rita's offspring would be type-O?

Q2. A haploid cell in G1, has 3pg of DNA in its nucleus. It is n=6.

a) how many pg of DNA are in one of its diploid somatic cells in G1?

b) which stage does DNA replication take place?

c) state how many copies of the genome are present in the following cells...

- diploid cell in G2 - haploid cell in G2 - diploid cell in G1 - one of the daughter cells just following cytokinesis of a diploid cell undergoing mitosis

BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Cell Division, Dna Replication, Somatic Cell

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