BIOL 1080 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Apoptosis, Intracellular Parasite, Insulin Resistance
Document Summary
The support and defense system: first line of defense: external physical barriers. Saliva: washes microbes from the teeth and surfaces in the mouth. Skin: physical barrier, acidic ph decreases growth of organisms. Respiratory tract: mucus traps organsims, cilia sweep away trapped organisms. Bladder: urine washes microbes from urethra: second line of defense: internal resident cells, proteins, inflammation, and fever. Defensive cells: engulf and kill invading organisms, kill parasites, kill cancer cells. Defensive proteins: slow virus spread, increases histamine release, increases phagocytosis, kills bacteria, increases inflammation. Inflammation: brings in defensive cells and speeds healing. Fever: slows growth of bacteria, speeds body defenses. Phagocytes: neutrophils (first on the scene, consume bacteria) and macrophages (consume ~ anything) Non-phagocytes: release enzymes/proteins to destroy cells, primary purpose is to destroy cancer cells. Composed of 20+ proteins synthesized in the liver, released in inactive form. Complement fluid rushes into bacteria until it ruptures. Alzheimers: complement attacks the plaque/neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neurodegeneration.
