REN R205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Karl Popper, Francis Bacon, Deductive Reasoning
6 Apr 2016
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The conclusion follows with certainty from the premises. Founder of logical philosophy, came up with the rules for deductive inference. Great observer, best scientist of his day. Deduction deals with the relationships among premises and conclusions, but it does not tell us where to get the premises to start with. These are all variations on what is called the syllogism, but each has its own name and its own rules. Aristotle"s scientific work was not an inspiration to others. Instead, it gave the impression that everything wroth knowing was already known. This is the standard way of visualizing deduction and induction. Deduction is top down while induction is bottom up . Generalizations are seen as higher than particulars (observations), as a matter of tradition. Generalizations are the goals of science (laws, theories, rules, etc. ) Paritculars are the evidence of science (observations, data, etc. ) Promoted a strongly inductive model of science: make lots of observations.
