PSYCO275 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Subarachnoid Space, Cranial Nerves, Pearson Education
4 Apr 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
09/09/2012
1
PSYCO 275PSYCO 275
Chapter 3Chapter 3
Anatomy of the Nervous Anatomy of the Nervous
SystemSystem
A
communication
network
consisting of
nerve cells,
both inside and
outside of the
brain and spinal
cord
e r v o u s
s y s t e m
e r v o u s
s y s t e m
Divisions of the NSDivisions of the NS
(Pinel, 2011)
09/09/2012
2
Autonomic NSAutonomic NS
•• SympatheticSympathetic
–– Thoracic & lumbarThoracic & lumbar
–– “Fight or flight”“Fight or flight”
–– Second stage Second stage
neurons far from neurons far from
target organtarget organ
•• ParasympatheticParasympathetic
–– Cranial & sacralCranial & sacral
–– “Rest & restore”“Rest & restore”
–– Second stage Second stage
neurons near target neurons near target
organorgan
Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
•• Some purely sensorySome purely sensory
•• Optic, olfactory, auditoryOptic, olfactory, auditory--vestibularvestibular
•• Remainder have both sensory & motor propertiesRemainder have both sensory & motor properties
•• Ex., Facial (VII)Ex., Facial (VII)
•• TasteTaste
•• Facial expression, secretions of tears, Facial expression, secretions of tears,
salivationsalivation
The Cranial Nerves. The figure shows the twelve pairs of cranial nerves and the regions and functions they serve.
Red lines denote axons that control muscles or glands; blue lines denote sensory axons.
Copyright Pearson Education, 2011
09/09/2012
3
MeningesMeninges
•• CNS encased in boneCNS encased in bone
•• Three Three meningesmeninges
•• Dura materDura mater
•• Tough outer Tough outer
membranemembrane
•• ArachnoidArachnoid
membranemembrane
•• WebWeb--likelike
•• Subarachnoid Subarachnoid
spacespace
•• PiaPia matermater
•• DelicateDelicate
•• Adheres to Adheres to
surface of CNSsurface of CNS
Copyright Pearson Education, 2011
Ventricles & CSFVentricles & CSF
•• CSF pCSF produced by choroid plexusesroduced by choroid plexuses
•• Subarachnoid space, ventricles, central canalSubarachnoid space, ventricles, central canal
•• Excess absorbed from subarachnoid space into Excess absorbed from subarachnoid space into
duraldural sinuses, drains into jugular veinssinuses, drains into jugular veins
•• HydrocephalusHydrocephalus
Copyright Pearson Education, 2011
Protection of the BrainProtection of the Brain
•• PhysicalPhysical
•• SkullSkull
•• MeningesMeninges
•• CSFCSF
•• ChemicalChemical
•• BloodBlood--brain barrierbrain barrier
•• TightlyTightly--packed packed
cells of blood cells of blood
vessel walls vessel walls
prevent entry of prevent entry of
many moleculesmany molecules Copyright Pearson Education, 2011
