PSYCO258 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Representativeness Heuristic, Availability Heuristic, Inductive Reasoning
16 Apr 2019
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Document Summary
Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations and evidence. Often explained as going from the specific to the general this is in contrast to deductive logic, which goes from the general to the specific (more on that soon ) These conclusions are probabilistic in nature (i. e. not definitive) Generally speaking, the strength of an inductive argument depends on three factors: 1. the representativeness of the observations, 2. number of observations, 3. quality of observations. Availability heuristic: events more easily remembered are judged as being more probable than those less easily remembered. Illusory correlations: correlation appears to exist, but either does not exist or is much weaker than assumed. Stereotypes: oversimplified generalizations about a group or class of people that often focuses on the negative. Conjunction rule: probability of two events cannot be higher than the probability of the single constituents.
