PHYSL402 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Glycogen Synthase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase, Lipoprotein Lipase
13 Oct 2016
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Lecture 4: insulin action and insulin resistance (jan 11/16) Introduce insulin and its effects that lead to lowering of blood glucose. Outline specific metabolic pathways/enzymes reg by insulin in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Describe how activation of the insulin r leads to these regulatory effects. Define insulin resistance and describe mechs of insulin resistance in tissue. Secreted from pancreatic beta-cells in response to hyperglycemia. Major anabolic hormone: builds up and stores fuels. Food intake: insulin acting on satiety parts of brain can lower food intake. Mitochondrial biogenesis: insulin inhibits pathways that lead to mt biogen. Are more mt present in adipose tissue when insulin is absent. Suppresses gluconeogenesis: using non-glucose substrates: ie glycerol, pyruvate. Activates glut4 and lipoprotein lipase (lpl): brings in fas. Inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase activity (normally breaks down triglycerides) Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose are quantitatively most important for glucose homeostasis. Mobilization of glucose, aa, fa, and ions (exp.
