NUTR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Basal Metabolic Rate, Dietary Reference Intake, Malnutrition
13 Jun 2018
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Chapter 16 Nutrition and Aging
- Age expectancy for men and women have increased
- Canadians can expect to live a decade longer than those born in 1950
- Aging:
o As organisms age, the number of cells they contain decreases and the function of
the remaining cells declines
o As tissues and organs lose cells, the ability of the organism to maintain
homeostasis decreases
o Loss of cells occurs throughout life but is not felt for a long time, as organisms
begin with reserve capacity
o In young adults, the reserve capacity of organs is four to ten times that required
to sustain life
o As a person ages, reserve capacity decreases, the effect of aging becomes
evident
o Two Theories: genetic clock or result of wear and tear
o Determined by genetics, lifestyle, and environment
- Affecting the rate of Aging:
o Genes determine the efficiency at which cells are repaired, the susceptibility of
diseases
o Environment: disease, accidents, toxins
o Lifestyle: nutrition, exercise, stress
- Canadian Healthy Eating index scores increase with age
- Key Nutrients/Concerns for Seniors
o Excess energy intake: decrease energy needs with age
o Malnutrition: protein, calcium, Vitamin D and B12, Zinc, antioxidants, fibre, and
water
o Macronutrients: energy needs decrease because Basal metabolic rate drops,
thermic effect of food also decreases, and decrease in physical activity
o Recommendations for fat, carbs, and protein intakes are the same as for young
adults
o Adequate fibre intake is important(decreases slightly)
- Micronutrients
o Zinc intake should be maintained for optimizing immune function
o Adequate intake of B complex vitamins(especially B6, B12, folate) is a special
concern
o Calcium and Vitamin D requirements increase due to poor calcium absorption (to
try and compensate)
o Iron needs of women declines sharply at menopause
o Vitamin D
▪ Increased recommendation,
▪ lower synthesis,
• skin does not synthesize as well
• spend less time outdoors due to physical disabilities
▪ lower intake
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Document Summary
Age expectancy for men and women have increased. Canadians can expect to live a decade longer than those born in 1950. Affecting the rate of aging: genes determine the efficiency at which cells are repaired, the susceptibility of diseases, environment: disease, accidents, toxins, lifestyle: nutrition, exercise, stress. Canadian healthy eating index scores increase with age. Iron needs of women declines sharply at menopause: vitamin d. Intestinal disorderes: re(cid:272)u(cid:272)ed sto(cid:373)a(cid:272)h a(cid:272)id so food (cid:271)ou(cid:374)d b(cid:1005)(cid:1006) (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e released, reduced intake. Increased need (higher homocysteine concentrations; risk factor for cardiovascular disease: fluid: adequate intake is the same as for younger adults, older adults are especially susceptible to dehydration, reduced anti-diure(cid:272)ti(cid:272) hor(cid:373)o(cid:374)e a(cid:374)d do(cid:374)"t feel thirsty. Factors that increase the risk of malnutrition: reduced food intake, reduced apetite, changes in smell, dental problems, reduced nutrient absorption and utilization. Increased nutrient requirements due to disease/injury or surgery.
