NURS405A Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Spinal Cord Injury, Phrenic Nerve, Medulla Oblongata
20 Jun 2020
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Document Summary
Medulla oblongata and spinal cord impairments causes impared respiration. Cervical trauma at c3 to c5 results in paralysis of the phrenic nerve. Spinal cord trauma below fifth cervical vertebra, leaves phrenic nerve intact but damages nerves innervate the intercostal muscles, preventing anteroposterior chest expansion. Normal arterial carbon dioxide tension (paco2) between 35 and 45 mm hg. Normal aterial oxygen tension (pao2) between 80 and 100 mm hg. Oxygen saturation monitor (normal range from 95% to 100%) Hypoxia refers to decrease in the amount of aterial oxygen. Hyperventilation required to eliminate the normal venous carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism. Hypoventilation alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body"s oxygen demand or to eliminate sufficient carbon dioxide. Atelectasis collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hypoxia is inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level. Older adults: calcification (heart valves, costal cartilage), osteoporosis (size and shape of thorax, ventilation and transfer of respiratory gases declines.
