NURS310 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Biopsychosocial Model, Homicide, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
22 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
•Crisis Intervention
•Objectives
•The student will:
▫describe different types of crises
▫describe the aim and components of crisis assessment
▫plan goals and nursing interventions for a crisis situation
▫identify referral agencies in our area that would be useful in a crisis situation
▫Crisis Intervention…
•Utilizes mental status skills
•Utilizes suicide risk assessment (use these skills to determine if this is a risk for persons
in crisis)
•Utilizes therapeutic communication skills
•Crisis Theory
•Crisis theory began with Dr. Lindeman who interviewed survivors of the fire or relatives
of those who lost family members following Boston Fire of 1942 – was the basis of our
understanding of crisis intervention
•Found most people have remarkable coping skills
•Those who dealt with previous cycle of grief or another crisis coped better than those
who did not resolve past grief or crisis
•Assisted us to understand crisis can be experienced by anyone (not necessary to have
underlying pathology)- Is a normal response
•Crisis Theory
•Key Findings from Dr. Lindeman’s work:
▫People in crisis can be receptive to major life changes
▫Crisis intervention can be accomplished in a short period of time
▫People can be helped through supportive networks with friends, para-
professionals and religious leaders
▫An adaptive change to crisis can be enduring
•Crisis
•An acute emotional upset, arising from situational, developmental, biological,
psychological, socio-cultural, and/or spiritual factors (usually stressful event) or also
called the precipitating event.
•This state of emotional distress results in a temporary inability to cope by means of
one's usual resources and coping mechanisms.
•
•Unless the stressors that precipitated the crisis are alleviated and/or the coping
mechanisms are bolstered, major disorganization may result
•It is recognized that a crisis state is subjective and as such may be defined by the
client, the family or other members of the community
•Assumptions about Crisis
•Everyone is susceptible
•Client and worker’s safety is a prerequisite for crisis intervention
•It is brief and time limited (lasts between 6 to 12 weeks)
•Focus is on the present in a single issue
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
•Worker is active but not directive
•Treatment needs to be flexible – techniques from multiple perspectives
•It is an opportunity for change
•Crisis
•TYPES
•Maturational (developmental)
•Adventitious/Environmental
•Situational – can include vicarious
•Hurricane Katrina 2005
•Environmental/Natural Disasters/Political Disasters/Biological/Economic
•California Fires of 2017
•Fort McMurray fire of 2016
•Slave Lake fire of 2011
•Affects groups
•Developmental Crisis
•Relates to Erikson’s Eight stages of psychosocial development
•For example, leaving home to go to University in another province
•It is not the event itself that necessarily causes a crisis but the person’s perception of
the event
•Situational Crisis
•Events that are specific to an individual
•For example, job loss, being diagnosed with a chronic medical illness such as MS, losing
one’s child, infant born with an illness
•It is not the event in of itself that causes a crisis but it is the perception of the event
•3 Components
•A Precipitating Event – the stressful event is the main cause… but 2 other conditions are
necessary…
1. Perception of the Event
2. Usual Coping Methods Fail
•Crisis
•Caplan (1961) described the stages of crisis development as
▫1. Rise in tension from the emotionally hazardous crisis event
▫2. Increased disruption of daily living because the individual is stuck and can not
solve the crisis
▫3. Tension rapidly increases as the individual fails to resolve the crisis
▫4. Becomes depressed or mental collapse
•Crisis
•Person in crisis may be making one last heroic effort to seek help and may be highly
motivated to try something different
•The helping professional needs to maximize their effort to intervene effectively
•Essentially means identifying failed coping mechanisms and helping them to replace
them with adaptive ones among many other goals that need to be achieved
•Goals of Crisis Intervention
•1. Rapid resolution of the crisis to prevent further deterioration
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The student will: describe different types of crises describe the aim and components of crisis assessment plan goals and nursing interventions for a crisis situation identify referral agencies in our area that would be useful in a crisis situation. Crisis intervention : utilizes mental status skills, utilizes suicide risk assessment (use these skills to determine if this is a risk for persons in crisis, utilizes therapeutic communication skills. Crisis theory began with dr. lindeman who interviewed survivors of the fire or relatives of those who lost family members following boston fire of 1942 was the basis of our understanding of crisis intervention. People in crisis can be receptive to major life changes. Crisis intervention can be accomplished in a short period of time. People can be helped through supportive networks with friends, para- professionals and religious leaders. An adaptive change to crisis can be enduring.
