IMIN200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Multiple Drug Resistance, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotics

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orangecheetah563

18 Oct 2015

School

University of Alberta

Department

Immunology and Infection

Course

IMIN200

Professor

Mario Feldman

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Document Summary

Antibiotic resistance: antibiotic resistance: ability of a microorganism to survive antibiotic treatment, multi-drug resistance (mdr): resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, pan-drug resistance: resistance to all current clinically used antibiotics. Where does antibiotic resistance come from: some antibiotics are naturally produced by microorganisms. Example: penicillin is produced by a fungus penicillium chrysogenum: microorganisms that live in close proximity to antibiotic producing microbes may evolve resistance in order to survive. Genetic mutation of the antibiotic target (natural) causes pressure to the bacteria to manipulate its dna to change the structure of the dna to avoid the ab. How do we encourage the spread of antibiotic resistance: multi-drug resistance was first identified in the 1950-1960s in. Low ab in nature enteric bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella and. Shigella: antibiotics are often used in agriculture and food production to prevent disease rather then treat acute infections, antibiotics are routinely added to animal feed to promote growth.

Related Questions

1) Which of the following can cause bacteria to developantibiotic resistance?

a) doctors prescribing antibiotics for viral infections

b) patients not finishing their antibiotic regimen

c) conjugative transfer of antibiotic resistance genes betweenbacteria

d) doctors prescribing the same antibiotic repeatedly to thesame patient for the same infection

e) all of the above

2) What is so significant about the evolution ofphotosynthesis on Earth?

a) It caused aerobic bacteria to go extinct and be replaced withanaerobic bacteria

b) It allowed organisms to change their habitat from land to thesea.

c) It created a new atmosphere where carbon dioxide was readilyavailable.

d) It allowed aerobic, multicellular organism toevolve.

3) Which of the following groups contains the smallestliving organisms

a) Bacteria

b)Viruses

c) Prions

d) Protists

e) fungi

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Antibiotic resistance develops when some of the bacteria possess mutations that allow them to survive the antibacterial attack. If a bacterium survives, it has the opportunity to reproduce and thus may pass on the mutation that let it survive. This is the start of a drug-resistant strain of the pathogen. Target-specific resistance has emerged against every class of antibiotics. Society needs new antibacterials that will travel well in the body, be potent against a range of bacteria and even have more than one target within bacteria, all the while having minimal effect on the host body. Striking a balance between all of these demands is essential.

Please proposal a new target for anti-bacterial drug by using the main biochemical pathways.

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance, Part 1

Consider the different mechanisms through which antibioticsinhibit microbial growth, and consider what changes in the microbemight enable it to resist the inhibitory effects ofantibiotics.

Select all of the statements that describe a mechanism thatwould enable a microorganism to resist the action of anantibiotic.

	A transport mechanism that rapidly transports antibioticthrough the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm is developed.
	An enzyme that destroys the antibiotic is produced.
	A microbe develops a transport mechanism in the plasma membranethat rapidly pumps antibiotic out of the bacterial cell.
	An altered target enhances the binding of antibiotic.
	Target site is modified, so that an antibiotic is unable tobind to its target.
	Altered porins in the cell wall block passage of antibioticthrough the cell wall.

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IMIN200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Multiple Drug Resistance, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotics

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