1.How do some pathogens prevent complement activation or avoid the effects of activated complement?
A. some pathogens hijack the host's regulatory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection
B. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that causes destruction of phagoctyes recruited to the area of infection
C. some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection
D. Some pathogen hijack the host's regultory membrane proteins that inactivate C3b, preventing the triggering of the alternative activation pathway AND some pathogens produce C5a peptidase that destroys complement C5a, a chemoattractant that recruits phagocytes to the area of infection.
2. One of the most important jobs of dendritic cells is
A. production of complement proteins
B. activation of T cells by breakdown of whole antigens and presentation of antigenic epitopes on MHC molecules
C. stimulation of cytokine production by neutrophils
D. activation of B cells by combining epitopes and presentation of whole antigens on MHC molecules
E. production of IgD
3. Normal Microbiota
A. play no role in affecting pathogen growth
B. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body
C. enhance infection by pathogens
D. are the organisms that typically reside on and in your body AND protect aganist infection by pathogens
E. protect against infection by pathogens.
4. why is the process of gene rearrangement used in creating antibodies and T-cell receptors (TCRs) so important?
A. the given choices are all reasons that generearrangement is critical in adaptive immunity
B. This is how our systems produce memory of previous exposures, a key trait in adaptive immune responses
C. without it, we would need a single gene for every antibody and TCR required to mount all the possible responses needed during our lives
D. interactions with antigens stimulate cells to initate these processes, building the best and strongest response possible to that antigen
E. this is the same DNA altering process that leads to cancer. Understanding it leads to better treatments for cancer.
A.
