EAS100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Quaternary Glaciation

Which of the following statements is not a characteristic or effect of climate change?
Select one:

a. Global warming is the only type of climate change.
b. Climate change is beginning to re-draw the map of biomes around the world.
c. Climate change is occurring because the biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystems are not static.
d. Climate change is any substantial change in climate that lasts for an extended period of time.
e. Climate change will likely exceed the ability of many species to adapt and could cause many species to go extinct.

In a small study, 12 women with cervical cancer (cancer of the cervix) and 12 women with no apparent cervical cancer were contacted and asked whether they had ever used the hormone estrogen as a drug. Each woman with cancer was matched by age, race, and weight with a woman without the disease. This is an example of:

a) A randomized controlled trial

b)A prospective cohort study

c) A case-control study

d) A retrospective cohort study

1. Complete the following problem using concepts of STACK.
2. If you are using JAVA, you must include the main method as well which should test your other methods and print the outputs according to the tasks.
3. If you are using PYTHON, make sure your code has the methods invoked and proper printing statements according to the tasks.
4. Your program will take an arithmetic expression as a string input. For Example:

    

   • “1+2*(3/4)”

    

   • “1+2*[3*3+{4–5(6(7/8/9)+10)–11+(12*8)]+14”

    

   • “1+2*[3*3+{4–5(6(7/8/9)+10)}–11+(12*8)/{13+13}]+14”

    

   Program

    

   Your program will determine whether the open brackets (the square brackets, curly braces, and the parentheses) are closed in the correct order.

    

   Outputs:

    

   Output 1

    

   1+2*(3/4)

   This expression is correct.

    

   Output 2

    

   1+2*[3*3+{4–5(6(7/8/9)+10)–11+(12*8)]+14

   This expression is NOT correct.

   Error at character # 10. ‘{‘- not closed.

    

   Output 3

    

   1+2*[3*3+{4–5(6(7/8/9)+10)}–11+(12*8)/{13+13}]+14

   This expression is correct.

   
   

   Output 4

    

   1+2]*[3*3+{4–5(6(7/8/9)+10)–11+(12*8)]+14

   This expression is NOT correct.

   Error at character # 4. ‘]‘- not opened.

   Task 1

   Solve the above problem using an array-based stack.

    

   Task 2

   Solve the above problem using a linked list-based stack.