BIOL208 Lecture 4: Lecture 4 with Figures annotations

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amethystyak344

9 Mar 2016

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL208

Professor

Saewan Koh

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Document Summary

Promotes plant growth; enough water for them to grow. Dark blue: scale change because of too much precip. Questions about lecture: please post them on the lecture questions forum. Don"t forget to check the moodle site for supporting lecture material. Ecocline: take place over broad geographic distance. (examples: white-tailed deer in canada are way heavier than the white-tailed deer in panama) Ecotype: happens within a small geographic distance, yet they are morphologically diferent. (example: salamanders). Rotation around the sun: our rotation is not perfectly perpendicular and our earth is a sphere, so the sun will not hit diferent areas equally: diferent temperatures and climates. Summer in northern hemisphere: earth is tilted towards the sun. At high latitudes seasons are very pronounced, yet between the tropics there are smaller season variations. The heating of earth surface and atmosphere will inluence precipitation. Things are wet at the equator, precipitation cycle start at the equator but these cycles happen all over the world.

Related Questions

Please I need help answering those questions i always lose bunch of points i'm not doing it correctly.

Use information from Nature Reviews Microbiology to answer the following question.What is the role of EF-G and EF4 in protein synthesis? Under what circumstances does EF4 participate in translation and what is its role?

from this reading The Highly Conserved LepA Is a Ribosomal Elongation Factor that Back-Translocates the Ribosome Qin Y,Polacek N, Vesper O, Staub E, Einfeldt E, Wilson D.N, and Nierhaus N.H. Cell 127: 721-733 (2006).

Q2. In which species is Lep A found and in which ones is it absent? Is the result expected based on your knowledge of the endosimbiosis theory?

Q3.

3a What is the percentage of identity between LepA and its ortholog genes?

3b. (5pts) Indicate what domains are conserved between Ecoli EFG and LepA, and which ones are not.

3c. What do grey and black boxes in the sequence alignment indicate?

Q4. Analysis of in vivo experiments shown in Figure 3. Only analyze graph on the left side of the figure.

4a. What is the difference between the bacteria whose growth are shown by the blue and the green curves? What can be concluded about the effect of EFG on bacterial growth?

4b. Which protein is expressed by bacteria whose growth is shown by the yellow curve? Does the expression of this protein affect bacterial growth? Compare the yellow and blue curves. How can this result be explained?

4c. Explain why the addition of IPTG results in lower bacterial growth. Compare the yellow and red curves?

4d. Why is the green curve an important control of the experiment? The green curve.

The next questions are based on the reading of the article Elongation factor 4 (EF4/LepA) accelerates protein synthesis at increased Mg2+ concentrations.

Elongation factor 4 (EF4/LepA) accelerates protein synthesis at increased Mg2+ concentrations Pech M, Karim Z, Yamamoto H, Kitakawa H, Qin Y, and Nierhaus K. PNAS 108: 3199-3203(2011)

Studies done in E. coli using a knockout mutant of the lepA gene (ÎlepA , lepA gene has been deleted) did not show any phenotype when grown in rich LB medium. This result was unexpected due to the high level of conservation of EF-4 among species.

Q5. Equal amounts of wild type and mutant cells (lacking the lepA gene) were mixed and co-cultured for 24h. The population distribution was determined every 4 hours. Figure 1 indicates changes in the % of mutant cells over several generations.

Q5a. What is the question that researchers addressed in the experiments shown in Figure 1?

Q5b. Which curve represents the control of the experiment? Do the two strains grow at similar rate? How do you know?

Q5c. Do high salt concentration and/or low temperature have any effect on the growth of mutant cells?

Q5d. What can you conclude about the role of LepA on bacteria growth? When is this protein important?

Q6.

6a. (6pts) Where in the cell is EF4 located? Did you expect that this would be the EF4 location? Why or why not?

What is the question that the researchers want to address in the experiment shown in Figure 2?

6c. Analyze the green and red bars graph shown in Figure 2. What technique was used to detect EF4? Is there any change in EF4 localization?

Q7. Summarize the main points of the model shown in Figure 4

ochregerbil875

Please provide correct answer and explanation to the answer,Thank you!

If an enterprising graduate student decided to repeat theHershey-Chase

experiment but neglected to perform the blending portion, wherewill the

isotopes be found?

a. 35S will be found in the supernatant and 32P will be found inthe pellet

b. 32P will be found in the supernatant and 35S will be found inthe pellet

c. Both 32P and 35S will be found in the supernatant

d. Both 32P and 35S will be found in the pellet

e. None of the above are correct
Chargaffï¿½s rules include:

a. The ratio of Aï¿½s + Tï¿½s to Gï¿½s + Cï¿½s is always consistent

b. A=G and T=C

c. Purines/Pyrimidines = 1

d. More than one of the above are true

e. None of the above are true
Sea Urchin DNA contains 18% guanine (which is true); how muchthymine

does it contain?

a. 9%

b. 18%

c. 32%

d. 36%

e. 64%
E. coli DNA contains a little over 25% guanine. If samples weretaken of E.

coli DNA and Sea Urchin DNA and denatured in water baths, whichwould

melt at a lower temperature?

a. E. coli DNA

b. Sea Urchin DNA

c. They would melt at the same temperature

d. There is not enough information to determine the answer

e. DNA doesnï¿½t ï¿½melt,ï¿½ it isnï¿½t ice cream for goodness sake!
If testing the second generation results in tube B, which modelcan we

conclude is correct?

a. Dispersive

b. Semi-conservative

c. Conservative

d. Semi-dispersive

e. We canï¿½t conclude yet, it could still be more than onepossibility
Phosphorus is required to synthesize dNTPs used in DNAreplication. Imagine

you grow E. coli in media containing non-radioactive phosphorusfor many

generations, then switch the E. coli to media containingradioactive

phosphorous (32P). You then sample the E. coli after one roundof replication

for radioactivity. Where will you find radioactive phosphorus inthe DNA?

a. Both strands will contain 32P

b. One strand will contain 32P

c. Neither strand will contain 32P

d. Drats! I knew I should have done suggested problem 12.19!
Which of the following statements about chromosomes are alwaystrue?

I. Non-histone proteins make up about 5% of a eukaryotic

chromosome by weight

II. Histones have a negative charge

III. Prokaryotes have a single linear chromosome

a. Only Statement I is true

b. Only Statement II is true

c. Only Statement III is true

d. More than one of the above statements are true

e. None of the above statements are true
What portion of the human genome is made up of highly repetitiveDNA?

a. Less than 5%

b. 6 ï¿½ 20%

c. 21 ï¿½ 30%

d. 31 ï¿½ 40%

e. Over 40%
Which of the following statements are always true?

I. Histones are very conserved between species

II. Archaea have nuclei

III. Prokaryotes are haploid and eukaryotes are diploid

a. Only Statement I is true

b. Only Statement II is true

c. Only Statement III is true

d. More than one of the above statements are true

e. None of the above statements are true
An individualï¿½s phenotype is a function of:

a. The alleles they carry

b. The environment they live in

c. The interaction between an individuals genes and theenvironment

d. Two of the above are correct

e. All of the above are correct
A homologous pair of chromosomes showing a

crossover are shown to the right for reference. Are all

the sperm from one human male genetically identical?

a. Yes

b. No, variation occurs during mitosis

c. No, variation occurs during meiosis I

d. No, variation occurs during meiosis II

e. No, variation occurs during both meiosis I and II
Production of gametes in humans requires which kind ofdivision?

a. Meiotic and is reductional

b. Mitotic and is reductional

c. Meiotic and is equational

d. Mitotic and is equational

e. None of the above

scarletmallard658

You need to

use outside sources (i.e., Internet, journal articles, other texts, etc.) to complete this assignment. Any additional research should be cited in APA format, and listed at the end of the assignment.

Tutorial: http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/science_up_close/512/deploy/interface.html Watch and listen to the tutorial found in the link above. Fill in the following answers as you watch. Stop and replay anything you donât understand â this is a complicated topic!

1. Plants use photosynthesis to make __________________ for the plant.

2. What do plants need in order to perform photosynthesis?

3. How is the plant able to obtain each âingredient?â

4. Identify the plant cell organelle in which photosynthesis takes place.

5. Summarize the process of photosynthesis. Water and carbon enter the chloroplastâ¦..

6. What happens to the oxygen that is produced as a result of photosynthesis?

7. Why is photosynthesis also important for people and animals?

Virtual Lab #1 - http://www.reading.ac.uk/virtualexperiments/ves/preloader-photosynthesis-full.html

Bubbles are given off by the plant through photosynthesis. By measuring the rate at which the bubbles are produced it is possible to tell how fast the plant is photosynthesizing. Read and follow the directions on how to use this lab simulator. Press start and record the bubbles per minute for each of the following light distances.

Then graph your data (be sure to label each axis)!

Distance (cm) Bubbles per minute

100 Y axis

120 i

150

180

200 X Axis

8. Based on your data, draw a conclusion regarding how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis. Virtual Lab #2 - http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/photolab.swf

In this lab, you will be experimenting with how different variables affect the rate of photosynthesis.

9. Set the thermometer to 25Â°C (Room Temperature) and the light intensity to 20.

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the CO2 available to the elodea. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does the amount of available CO2 affect the rate of photosynthesis?

10. Keep your settings from 9c (25Â°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now increase the temperature to 40Â°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does an increase in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

11. Return to your settings from 9c (25Â°C, light intensity of 20, increased CO2).

a. What were the bubbles per minute at this setting? ______ bpm

b. Now decrease the temperature to 10Â°C. What were your bubbles per minute? ______ bpm

c. Based on your data, how does a decrease in temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis.

12. Alter the variables in order to determine which combination leads to the highest rate of photosynthesis. Which combination of settings produced the highest number of bubbles per minute? a. Temperature: ________

b. Light: ________

c. CO2: ________

Photosynthesis Tutorial: http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/overview.html

Use this site to answer questions about photosynthesis.

13. In the blank portion of this paper, draw the picture which shows the overall process of photosynthesis.

14. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

15. Photosynthesis converts _________________ energy into the ____________________ energy of sugars and other organic compounds.

ultramarinerhinoceros31

BIOL208 Lecture 4: Lecture 4 with Figures annotations

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