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BIOL207 Lecture 28: b207lect28_1.pdf

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limehippopotamus462

4 Dec 2014

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

Professor

Cameron Harrington

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Document Summary

Example: humans adults are 2n = 2x = 46: many plants are polyploids. Hexaploids are viable because mitosis will produce daughter cells with six of each chromosome. Hexaploids are fertile because meiosis will produce gametes with three of each chromosome: bananas. Plantains (triploid, 3x = 33) abb m t h a n a n a b. _ o f n i m o c s e b a l l t i u r f a l i m d u l p t t h. Triploids are viable because mitosis will produce daughter cells with three of each chromosome. Triploids are sterile because meiosis will produce gametes with one or two of each chromosome: berries. Cultivated - tetraploid, hexaploid, or octoploid: polyploidy in humans. 2 e u q i t s y m s d u o c s o o h p m o c r k c l t i l f w w w.

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Related Questions

1. please answer parts A-D! super confused please EXPLAIN and cite!!!

(a) Are chromosomal rearrangements (translocations, insertions, deletions, duplications) common in evolution?

(b) Are they well tolerated or do they often have adverse effects?

(c) Research (give citation) and give an example in humans where a chromosomal rearrangement or duplication (polyploidy or aneuploidy) is tolerated that occurs frequently in the population. i.e. trisomy 18 (3 chromosome 18s)

(d) In livestock and companion animals, somatic cells are diploid. Research and name an animal where somatic cells are NOT diploid (polyploid or aneuploid). Also identify how many copies of each chromosome IS present in each somatic cell.

23. During meiosis, one way that diversity is achieved is throughthe differential ways maternal and paternal
chromosomes line up at the equator. This phenomenon is knownas:
A. Crossing under; B. Random mating; C. Crossing over; D. Randomshuffling
24. What is the correct order of classification from the leasttraits in common to the most traits in common?
1. Order; 2. Genus; 3. Kingdom; 4. Species; 5. Phylum; 6. Family;7. Class
A. 3,5,1,7,2,6,4; B. 3,7,5,6,1,2,4; C. 3,5,7,6,1,4,2; D.3,5,7,1,6,2,4; E. None of the above 25. Humans are currentlyclassified as Homo sapiens. An earlier human ancestor was Homoerectus. Please
identify the Genus of the earlier human ancestor. A. sapiens; B.Homo; C. Human; D. erectus
26. Whales utilize which type of fertilization? A. Internal; B.External; C. Terrestrial; D. None of the above
27. During internal fertilization, sperm are deposited directlyinto the femaleâs body in order to protect the
gametes. In some female animals, after the sperm fertilizes theeggs, the eggs continue to develop inside the
female, and the developing embryos receive ALL of their nourishmentfrom the mother. These animals are
considered to be: A. Oviparous; B. Viviparous; C. Precocial; D.Ovoviviparous
28. In humans, which gender has separate openings for the urinaryand reproductive systems?
A. Men; B. Women; C. Both A and B; D. None of the above
29. An animalâs anatomical structures can be used to constructphylogenetic trees. What is the term given to the
structures of two animals whereas the structures are very similarbut have different functions? Ex: Forearm of a
human and the wing of a duck:
A. Vestigial Structures; B. Analogous Structures; C. HomologousStructures; D. None of the above
30. Humans have 46 chromosomes in every somatic cell nucleus. Thereare 23 chromosomes from mama and
23 chromosomes from papa. Chromosome #3 from mother and Chromosome#3 from father contain
information to control the same genetic traits. During meiosis 1,duplication of chromosomes results in 2 copies
of chromosome #3 from the father and 2 copies of chromosome #3 fromthe mother. The pair of chromosomes
#3 from the father are refered to as:
A. Sister chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous chromosomes; D.Spindle apparatus

Polyploidy is generally better tolerated in animals than it is in plants.

An autotriploid could be produced by fertilization of an egg that failed to undergo meiosis and a normal sperm from the same species.

Autotetraploids almost always produce gametes with a balanced number of chromosomes.

A key step in the formation of a fertile allopolyploid requires doubling of the number of chromosomes in a cell.

Cells of an amphidiploid contain two separate diploid chromosome sets.

Polyploidization has occurred in the evolution of vertebrate genomes.

A tetraploid cell can be created by nondisjunction of all the chromosomes in a diploid cell.