BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Divergent Evolution, Monophyly, Mutation Rate

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL108
• Professor: Richard Moses

Document Summary

Taxonomy - naming and classifying organisms (see slide) Identifying and naming species - binomial nomenclature (250 yrs old, design by linnaeus: classifying and grouping species - based on common ancestry, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. In this case, family pongidae is a paraphyletic group because it should have included humans. Now they are all in the family hominidae: polyphyletic group - a non-monophyletic group, including more than what belongs in the group, not including an ancestor that unites them all. Synapomorphi(cid:272) t(cid:396)aits a(cid:396)e (cid:862)u(cid:374)i(cid:395)ue(cid:863) (cid:396)elati(cid:448)e to (cid:396)e(cid:272)e(cid:374)t a(cid:374)(cid:272)esto(cid:396)s o(cid:396) (cid:272)losely (cid:396)elated g(cid:396)oups (because of the possibility of convergent/independent evolution: two distant groups can coincidentally evolve the same or similar derived trait ie analogous traits. Outgroups and sister groups: outgroup - reference group closely related to the group of interest. Helps to not mistakenly call a(cid:374) a(cid:374)(cid:272)est(cid:396)al t(cid:396)ait a de(cid:396)i(cid:448)ed t(cid:396)ait (cid:894)si(cid:374)(cid:272)e the outg(cid:396)oup has that t(cid:396)ait too, so it"s (cid:374)ot de(cid:396)i(cid:448)ed(cid:895)