BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Membrane Transport Protein, Lipid Bilayer, Membrane Transport

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mauvesquirrel844

21 Jun 2018

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL107

Professor

Michael Harrington

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BIO 107 LECTURE 04 – Cell Transport

UNSOLICETED ADVICE: be active not passive when you do your homework, don’t get more than a week

behind in any classes ** do the practice questions on eClass – he recycles old exam questions ****

Cell Transport

Water and Cells:

Diffusion: the net movement of molecules into regions of low concentration (from a lot to not a lot)

Osmosis: the net movement of water molecules into regions of high solute concentration OR low water

concentration

Isotonic Environment: (iso=same)

oSolute concentration outside the cell = inside the cell

oNormal for animal cells, BAD for plant cells

Hypotonic Environment (hypo = reduced)

oSolute concentration outside cell < inside cell

oCauses water to enter the cell

oBad for animal cells

oNormal for cells with cell walls or contractile vacuoles

Hypertonic Environment (hyper = elevated)

oSolute concentration outside cell > inside cell

oCauses water to leave the cell

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oCauses water to leave the cell

oBad for most cells (animal becomes shrivelled, plant becomes plasmolyzed)

How do Molecules Enter / Leave Cells:

Mechanism Cargo Molecules Example

Diffusion through phospholipid

bilayer

Small and non-polar Gasses, steroid hormones

Membrane transport proteins Small and polar (uncharged or

charged)

Amino acids, monosaccharides, ions

Exocytosis and endocytosis Large Proteins

Diffusion Through the Phospholipid Bilayer:

Used by steroid hormones, gasses

Membrane Transport Proteins:

Summary:

oIntegral membrane proteins (span the lipid bilayer)

oFound in the plasma membrane of all cells

oInternal membranes of eukaryote cells

Active Transport: moves from low to high concentration and requires energy

Passive Transport: moves from high to low concentration (called passive because the protein acts as a passage

for the things to cross the membrane)

TYPES OF PORTEINS:

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BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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Unsoliceted advice: be active not passive when you do your homework, don"t get more than a week. Lecture 04 cell transport behind in any classes ** do the practice questions on eclass he recycles old exam questions **** Diffusion: the net movement of molecules into regions of low concentration (from a lot to not a lot) Osmosis: the net movement of water molecules into regions of high solute concentration or low water concentration. Isotonic environment: (iso=same: solute concentration outside the cell = inside the cell, normal for animal cells, bad for plant cells. Hypotonic environment (hypo = reduced: solute concentration outside cell < inside cell, causes water to enter the cell, bad for animal cells, normal for cells with cell walls or contractile vacuoles. Hypertonic environment (hyper = elevated: solute concentration outside cell > inside cell, causes water to leave the cell, causes water to leave the cell, bad for most cells (animal becomes shrivelled, plant becomes plasmolyzed)

Related Questions

A set of erythrocytes is placed in a beaker of 0.9% NaCl.Nothing appears to happen to the cells. Why?

0.9% NaCl is hypertonic to the cells.

Sodium blocks the movement of water.

0.9% NaCl is hypotonic to the cells.

0.9% NaCl is iostonic to the cells.

water has not moved at all.

Question 2

Select one answer.

Which substance would be mostlikely to pass through a lipid bilayer/plasma membrane withoutembedded proteins?

water

a steroid hormone

a large fatty acid

a large peptide hormone

a sodium ion

Question 3

Select all that apply.

Which of the following can cross the cellâs plasmamembrane without the assistance of protein transporters?Select all that apply.

large polar molecules

positively charged ions

small hydrophobic molecules

gasses

Question 4

Select one answer.

Biological Membranesare:

symmetrical.

impermeable.

static.

dynamic.

Question 5

Select one answer.

How does the selectivepermeability of the membrane help the cell.

This allows the cell to maintain the proper shape.

This allows the cell to regulate what enters and exits

This allows the cell to maintain a constant temperature.

All of these

Question 6

Select one answer.

What is the role of carbohydratesin the plasma membrane?

cellular identification

adhesion

transport materials across the membrane

help maintain fluidity

Question 7

Select one answer.

Which component of the plasmamembrane has the widest variety of functions?

sterols

carbohydrates

phospholipids

proteins

Question 8

Select one answer.

All of the following have aneffect on the fluidity of a membrane except:

interactions among fatty acids in the core of the bilayer

the cholesterol content

the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids

the presence of integral proteins in the membrane

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BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Membrane Transport Protein, Lipid Bilayer, Membrane Transport

BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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