BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Membrane, Cell Theory

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mauvesquirrel844

21 Jun 2018

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL107

Professor

Michael Harrington

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BIO 107 Lecture 03 – Cells and Cell Membranes

The Cell Theory (DOES Not TEST ON NAMES OR DATES)

Schwann (1839): all living things are composed of cells and cell products

Number of Cells

Unicellular: (one cell)

Two Cells

Few Cells

Multicellular (many cells):

oThe human body is made of about 70 trillion cells

oThe percent of cells in the body that are human cells is ~ 50%

oLarge organisms are made of many little cells rather than afew big cells because:

1) surface area to volume problem (the larger the cell the more nutrients it requires and the

surface area of the small cell to absorb that nutrients is closer to its volume) – box example on

slide 9

2) Benefits of cell speciliation (red blood cells, neurons, liver cells)

Cells are Surrounded by a Plasma Membrane

All cells have a plasma membrane

Requirements:

o1) must contain the contents of the cell

o2) must allow transport into and out of the cell

o3) must be flexible (so it can grow and reproduce)

Animal cell Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid Bilayer:

o1) Flexible – not held together with covalent bonds (just because of their mutual like or dislike of water)

Hydrophilic head

Hydrophobic tails

Flip-flop rarely occurs

o 2) forms spontaneously

Phospholipids will form a bilayer due to their like / dislike of water

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BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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The cell theory (does not test on names or dates) Schwann (1839): all living things are composed of cells and cell products. Requirements: 1) must contain the contents of the cell, 2) must allow transport into and out of the cell, 3) must be flexible (so it can grow and reproduce) Phospholipid bilayer: 1) flexible not held together with covalent bonds (just because of their mutual like or dislike of water) Phospholipids will form a bilayer due to their like / dislike of water. Lecture 03 cells and cell membranes: 3) moderately flexible / fluid. Cholesterol: prevents leaking at warm temperatures, prevents solidifying at low temperatures, found on both sides of the membrane / bilayer, ** draw and label a cholesterol (slide 17) Membrane proteins: integral: span phospholipid bilayer (through bilayer) Carbohydrates: glycolipids and glycoproteins face outwards, number one job is protection. Little green guys on slide figures (slide 22) Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide (o2 and co2)

Related Questions

The Cambrian explosion is a prime example of ________________.

		mass extinction
		evolutionary stasis
		a large meteor impact
		adaptive radiation

1 points

QUESTION 2

Most animals are viviparous.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 3

The first phylum with ganglia in their nervous system are the ________________________.

		Mollusca
		Nematoda
		Bivalvia
		Platyhelminthes

1 points

QUESTION 4

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a _____________________.

		a unicellular worm
		multicellular algae
		flagellated protist
		multicellular fungus

1 points

QUESTION 5

You are given an unknown organism to identify. It is unicellular and heterotrophic. It is motile by use of many short extensions of the cytoplasm. It has well-developed organelles and two nuclei, one large, one small. The organism is most likely to be a ______________.

		foraminifera
		radiolarian
		ciliate
		flagellate

1 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

		A mollusc
		A nematode
		A platyhelminth
		Not enough information to determine.

1 points

QUESTION 7

If the animal is a hermaphrodite, it is said to be _______________.

		dioecious
		eutelic
		monoecious
		trioecious

1 points

QUESTION 8

A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics: exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange and segmentation. A knowledgeable zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature ____________.

		eight legs
		two pairs of antennae
		a sessile lifecycle
		an open circulatory system

1 points

QUESTION 9

The Phylum Echinodermata exhibits metamerism.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

The existence of evolutionary trends, such as increasing body sizes among horse species, is evidence that _____.

		a larger volume-to-surface area ratio is adaptive in many mammals
		evolution generally progresses toward some goal
		evolution tends toward increased complexity or increased size
		in particular environments, similar adaptations can be beneficial to more than one species

1 points

QUESTION 11

Suppose you are a researcher fro a pest-control company and you develop a chemical that inhibits the develpment of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following would cause the pesticide to work?

		The mosquito would develop a weak exoskeleton, making it easy prey.
		The mosquito's gut would not function properly and it would starve.
		The mosquito would not have a properly functioning muscular system.
		Nothing would happen and your experiment would be a failure.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Holometabolis refers to complete metamorphosis.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 13

Which of these conditions are always true of populations evolving due to natural selection?
Condition 1: The population must vary in traits that are heritable.
Condition 2: Some heritable traits must increase reproductive success.
Condition 3: Individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetime.

		Condition 1 only
		Condition 2 only
		Conditions 1 and 2
		Conditions 2 and 3

1 points

QUESTION 14

Scientific theories _____. 22.3

		are nearly the same things as hypotheses
		are supported by, and make sense of, many observations
		cannot be tested because the described events occurred only once
		are predictions of future events

1 points

QUESTION 15

The evolution of animal species and their diversity is a result of the evolution of new and different ways to _______________.

		reproduce
		arrange their cells into tissues
		become symmetrical
		form an embyro and establish a basic body plan

BIOL107 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Bilayer, Cell Membrane, Cell Theory

BIOL107 Full Course Notes

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