BIOL107 Lecture 1: Pre-Midterm Notes

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL107
• Professor: Martin Srayko

Document Summary

Characteristics of living organisms: organized at molecular/cellular/organism level, process energy, respond to environment and stimuli, reproduction, growth, development development dictated by dna, evolutionary adaptation eg. camouflage. Taxonomy classification of living things, classified via: physical structures similarities in physical characteristics of organisms. Jan. 12, 17: fossil record can help establish ancestry. Difficult to obtain dna from fossils: genetic similarities most accurate. Dna and protein sequences change over time. When two organisms evolve from common ancestor they slowly accumulate sequence differences. Number of sequence differences reveal how related organisms are. Molecular clock change in dna over time: cladogram represe(cid:374)tatio(cid:374) of (cid:862)related(cid:374)ess(cid:863) (cid:894)fa(cid:373)ily tree(cid:895) Shows branching order: phylogram representation of relatedness where branch lengths are proportional to change, carolus linneaeus. Based on similarities/differences in physical characteristics of organisms. Kingdom plantae, anamalia, fungi, protista, eubacteria, archaebacteria. Ring of life alternative model to the tree to explain the early history of life: no single ancestor, but rather a communities of primitive cells that exchanged dna.