BIOCH200 Lecture 1: Fates of pyruvate

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skycaribou653

10 Dec 2017

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biochemistry

Course

BIOCH200

Professor

Jonathan Parrish

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Document Summary

The three immediate metabolic fates of pyruvate are: converted to ethanol (anaerobic, converted to lactate (anaerobic, converted to acetyl coa. Anaerobic fates for pyruvate is important because nad+ needs to be regenerated for glycolysis to take place in anaerobic conditions. Lactate form in muscle cells, and ethanol in yeast cells through a process called fermentation. Hydrolysis of atp by myosin produces hydrogen which can cause acidotic damage to muscle fibres, not lactate. Atp + h2o adp + pi + h+ The production of ethanol: does not occur in vertebrates, occurs in yeast, pyruvate is decarboxylated and reduced to form ethanol. In the process one molecule of co2, nad+ and ethanol is produced. Production of acetyl-coa: acetyl coa links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle, the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa happens in the mitochondrial matrix, the reaction is catalysed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. A proton also enter matrix with the pyruvate molecule.

Related Questions

1) In eukaryotes, pyruvate is further metabolized via three main catabolic pathways. Circle the following correct statements

I. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA and CO2

II. Under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized leading to the formation of acetyl-CoA and CO2

III. Pyruvate can be reduced to lactate and CO2 during lactic fermentation

IV. Pyruvate can be reduced to ethanol and CO2 during alcoholic fermentation

V. Lactate produced by muscles from pyruvate is converted to glucose in the liver

VI. Lactate produced by the liver from pyruvate is converted to glucose in muscles

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16. Muscle glycogen cannot contribute directly to blood glucose levels because:

A. Muscle glycogen cannot be converted to glucose-6-phosphate

B. Muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase

C. Muscle contains no glycogen phosphoyrlase

D. Muscle lacks phophoglucoisomerase

_____17. Which of one of the following tissues requires insulin for glucose transport into the cell?

A. Brain

B. Liver

C. Skeletal muscle

D. Red blood cells

_____18. The mobilization of triaclyglycerol-bound fatty acids from adipose tissue and their subsequent oxidation by muscle mitochondria require all of the following compounds except:

A. Serum albumin

B. Carnitine

C. Acetyl CoA carboxylase

D. Hormone sensitive lipase

_____19. Which one of the following reactions is unique to gluconeogenesis?

A. Lactate Â® pyruvate

B. PhosphoenolpyruvateÂ® pyruvate

C. OxalacetateÂ® Phosphoenolpyruvate

D. 1,3bisphosphoglycerate Â® 3-phosphoglycerate

_______20. A newborn vomits after each feeding of milk-based formula and doesnât gain weight. Biochemical testing reveals a sever deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. If this condition goes untreated, which of the following is the likely outcome for this patient?

A. Benign disease except for cataract formation

B. Chronic emphysema appearing in early adulthood

C. Chronic renal failure appearing in adolescence

D. Death in infancy

E. Gastrointestinal symptoms that remit with puberty

BIOCH200 Lecture 1: Fates of pyruvate

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