SOCI 1001H Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Anomie, Scientific Modelling, George Ritzer
28 Jun 2018
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SOCI1001H: Introduction to Sociology
Tuesday, October 17th, 2017
Lecture idk anymore
Self, Society and Socialization: (Shifting from 'macro' to 'micro')
The Micro-Level Perspective
Norms
Roles
oStructuralist perspective (role expectations)
oInteractionalist perspective (role enactment – four steps)
Socialization
oSocialization process is universal/content varies
oPrimary socialization
Charles Horton Cooley: "the looking-glass self"
Gender socialization (a sub-type of socialization)
oSecondary socialization
Anticipatory socialization
Resocialization
Norms
A norm is an established rule or standard that governs our conduct in the social situations in which we
participate
Almost all social behaviour involves such standards
Societal expectations – to which we are expected to conform
-Norms can be rules, customs (holding the door open), ceremonies and etiquette
-Some standard to which we are expected to conform
-We don’t have to constantly make decisions about what we have to do – might not know what you are
going to wear, but you know you have to wear clothes
-Roles can be laws, which can be punishable
-Norms are central concepts in the study of society
-Vary by country, region, culture, over time
Roles (Structuralist Perspective):
Roles are prescribed patterns of behaviour expected f a person in a given situation by virtue of his or her
position in the transaction
That is: roles are socially defined attributes and expectations associated with social positions
Role Expectations:
A group's or society's definition of the way a specific role 'ought' to be played
-Seeing something or someone out of their role allows us to see our perspectives and expectations
Roles (Interactionalist Perspective):
We can't just analyze social interaction by studying already determined roles
Instead, we need to look at how people live out their roles, how they perceive the, what conflicts they
feel in living them out, etc.
People's meanings behind, or understandings of, roles…
-Emphasize the dynamic nature of roles – people live them out dynamically
-The performance of roles – people get into positions and then how they perform within those positions
-Need to get the meanings behind what people are doing when they are living their roles out
find more resources at oneclass.com
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-Assume that individuals and groups are constantly responding to events and the expectations of others
-Humans have an active part to play in maintaining roles in society
-Focus on social interaction and how roles are played out – closer to the symbolic interactions paradigm
Four Steps to 'Role Enactment'
1. Identification of the role with 'self'
-Means in any situation or transaction, the individual must ask "who am I" in this situation
-Role could be professor, student, etc.
2. Behave in a manner appropriate to this identification
3. Use the behaviour of others as cues
-How other people act lets us know what is expected of us in certain situation
-Shaking someone's hand, praying before a meal, social cues
-Provide regulations that we may not notice but are always present
4. Evaluation of our performance
-Others let us know how we did
Socialization
The complex learning process through which individuals develop selfhood and acquire the knowledge,
skills and motivations required for participation in social life
Essential process linking the individual and society
-Becoming a social being
-Knowledge about the world we are coming into, the skills we need to become part of it, etc.
-Through this process that we become human, in a social sense
-Socialization is the central process that links the individual and society
-How we learn to fit in
Primary Socialization
-Charles Horton Cooley ("the looking-glass self")
-Childs development of their sense of self
-Arises from social experiments
-First year spent learning there is a world out there that is separate from oneself
-Starting to develop a sense of self
-Cooley
1. Micro sociology
-Looking glass self refers to the way a person's sense of self is derived (comes from) from the perception
of others
-At the earliest stages, children are dependent on everyone around them for what they need, but learn that
actions can bring them what they need – they have the power to influence others
1. Crying, screaming, etc.
-How these others view them, and how they respond
-If they like what they are doing, I will get what they need
-Sense the judgement of others
-Good responses develop a good self-concept
-Our self of self is how we interpret what others say and do
-Humans develop over time a more stable sense of self
-Describes our dependency of self-image, which is dependent on the reactions of others
-Not everyone is viewed the same, some people's opinions don’t matter as much to us
-Family is most important at first
1. Parents, or primary caregivers, - how we learn about the social world and how we become
integrated
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Self, society and socialization: (shifting from "macro" to "micro") Roles: structuralist perspective (role expectations, interactionalist perspective (role enactment four steps) Socialization: socialization process is universal/content varies, primary socialization. Gender socialization (a sub-type of socialization: secondary socialization. A norm is an established rule or standard that governs our conduct in the social situations in which we participate. Almost all social behaviour involves such standards. Societal expectations to which we are expected to conform. Norms can be rules, customs (holding the door open), ceremonies and etiquette. We don"t have to constantly make decisions about what we have to do might not know what you are. Some standard to which we are expected to conform going to wear, but you know you have to wear clothes. Roles can be laws, which can be punishable. Norms are central concepts in the study of society. Vary by country, region, culture, over time.
