BIOL 2260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Models 1, Doubling Time, Mount Everest

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9 Jan 2016

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Know the meaning of, and the differences between, (lambda) and r: be able to apply basic population growth models. Any change in population size can ultimately be attributed to one or more of the factors above. What is a model : simplification of natural world, can be graphical, verbal, or mathematical. Essentially, all models are wrong, some are useful . Empirical model-building and response surfaces (1987) p 424. Since all models are wrong the scientist cannot obtain a correct one by excessive elaboration he should seek an economical description of natural phenomena. Any change in population size can ultimately be attributed to : i. d. e. Nt+1 = nt + b + i d e. Nt+1 population size at time t + 1 . Geometric rate of increase: the average number of offspring left by an individual during one time interval. Useful for modelling populations with pulsed reproduction (i. e. non-overlapping generations)

Related Questions

Community Ecology

6. Competition between species is called ____________ competition. A. interspecific
B. exploitative
C. interference

D. fundamental E. intraspecific

7. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as
A. a predator.

B. a keystone species. C. the primary species. D. the dominant species. E. the alpha species.

Evolution

1. We build trees because:
A. Organisms are related like members of a family are related.
B. Each lineage has a common ancestor that gave rise to that lineage. C. Characteristics are passed on from parents to offspring.
D. all of the above

2. Evolution basically denotes change in populations to: A. Improve reproductive success.
B. Remove defective individuals.
C. Increase the survival of the most fit individuals.

D. Discover better genes.

3. We can put species into groups based on shared: A. genes.
B. characteristics.
C. ecology.

D. environment.

4. Bats and birds share a common characteristic like having four limbs- homologies- with: A. Amphibians
B. Rodents.
C. Reptiles.

D. all of the above.

5. Which of these are mechanisms of evolution? A. Mutation
B. Migration
C. Gene flow

D. all of the above

6. Natural selection involves the following: A. Variation in traits
B. Differential reproduction
C. Hereditary

D. all of the above

The following paragraph is an abstract from the article tittled:Ecology of the Lesser Siren, Siren intermedia, in anIsolated Eastern Texas Pond

The Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia) is a fully aquaticsalamander with functionally limited overland dispersal. Details ofthe ecology of this species throughout its geographic range anddiversity of habitats are limited. In this study, I investigatedthe ecology of a presumably isolated population of S.intermedia in eastern Texas. The conservative estimatedpopulation density was 0.33 sirens/m² with a standingcrop biomass of 9.66 g/m². Growth rates averaged 0.022mm/day in total length, slightly slower than other populations.Growth rate was not significantly different between males andfemales, nor was it correlated with size. The diet of the studypopulation included at least 10 different taxa, of which tadpolesand snails (Order Basommatophora) were the most important prey.Like other populations, activity was highest during late winter andearly spring, which coincides with the breeding season. Theabundance of siren captures was weakly influenced by watertemperature but not correlated with precipitation. Bite marks arehypothesized to be a result of siren courtship behavior. Theabundance of males and females captured with fresh bite marks wassignificantly correlated with the number of gravid females. Becausesirens are predatory generalists and represent a significantproportion of biomass in many aquatic environments, it is importantto understand siren ecology throughout its geographic range andbroad use of habitat types.

The following questions are in regards to the study above:

1.How does this article demonstrate scientific research?

2.What was the question posed by the researcher? (either statedor implied)

3.Did the researcher(s) answer the question? What is theevidence from the article?

4.Is this research a piece of a larger research project? How doyou know?

5. Which type of research method and this the projects becategorized under? choose from the following.
Testing ahypothesis, Measuring afunction or relationship, Measuring a value, Constructing a model, Observational/exploratory research,Industrial or appliedresearch

1. Define the characteristics that make some pesticidesparrticularly dangerous pollutants.

2. Describe what is meant by "the demographic transition" in ahuman population. Explain why it might be important, for futuremanagement of himan population growth, to discover wheter thedemographic transition is an academic ideal or a process throughwhich all human populations necessarily pass.

3. Energy cannot be cycled and refused but matter can. Discussthis assertion and its significance for ecosystem functioning.

4. Explain, with examples, how the loss or introduction of asingle species can have conservation consequences throughout awhile ecological community.

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BIOL 2260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Models 1, Doubling Time, Mount Everest

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