PSYC 241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Somatosensory System, White Matter, Phonemic Awareness
5 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Learning disorders were first identified when physicians observed patients who appeared to be intelligent and healthy but were unable to read and write. In early years, most understood reading disorders to reflect a visual/perceptual impairment with difficulties in perceiving and processing letters and words. Dyslexia can"t have impaired word processing: believed people that were dyslexic perceived letters backwards. Studies found that reading disorders stem from a core deficit in phonological processing. Learning disabilities became broader to include individuals with difficulties in other arenas, such as mathematics and writing. In the icd 10 and dsm 5, learning disabilities are thought to reflect poor academic performance that cannot be explained by intelligence or external factors. In the dsm 5, a specific learning disorder is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Dsm 5 focuses on impairment in learning key academic skills including reading single words accurately, reading comprehension, written expression and spelling.
