GEOG 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Waldo R. Tobler, Spatial Analysis, Map Projection
27 Oct 2017
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Document Summary
Geography can be thought of as the discipline that analyzes the phenomena spatially distributed on. Earth (writings on the earth, writings of the earth): physical: natural processes and outcomes, human: spatial organization of human activities, spatial and geographic information science: cartography, spatial analysis, spatial modeling. Tools and methods of geography: observation & data gathering, primary / secondary data, fieldwork / interviews, archival searches, representation of data, visualization & description, data analysis, models / theories / reasoning. Maps: two dimensional graphic representations of the world that use symbols to convey information or ideas about spatial relationships. ((cid:863)social products(cid:863): topographic maps: represent the form of the earth"s surface, thematic maps: isolines, proportional symbols, dot. Map scale: ration of distance on map and distance on earth"s surface: verbal: (cid:863)one centimetre equals one kilometre(cid:863, representative fraction: 1/100000 or 1:100,000,000, small-scale: 1:10,000,000. Map projection: curved earth / flat surface: necessary distortion: cannot perfectly preserve earth"s geometry, equidistant: preserve distance, conformal: preserve compass directions.
