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EDUC 222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Ethnography, Standard Score, Motivation

60 views44 pages
greenherring951
1 Dec 2016
School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Education
Course
EDUC 222
Professor
Adamyoung

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Document Summary

Week 7: correlational research involves collecting data to determine what? (pg. Correlational research involves collected data to determine whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables. Correlational studies can find results that can be used for predictive purposes: what does a correlation coefficient express? (p. 204) A high correlation between variables does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. They are not always a cause-effect relationship; for example, self-concept does not cause achievement, and vice versa. Why is an approach of correlating large numbers of variables (shotgun or fishing approach) not a good idea? p. 205, 209. It is important to have a theoretical/experimental basis for selecting variables because it justifies the study and makes the results more meaningful (p. 205). If validity and reliability are low, a larger sample size is needed because errors of measurement may mask a true relation.

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Related Questions

Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science can’t answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a person’s score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the person’s score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, “Increasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.”