CHEM 281 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Magic 2Ch, Homologous Series, Nonane

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violetsheep864

17 Aug 2016

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM 281

Professor

Andrew Bennet

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Document Summary

The alkalines are hydrocarbons containing all saturated bonds. We will consider the carbon chains as the main structure or the backbone structure. It is possible to have side chains coming off the main chain. We will consider the homologous series for the alkanes. We want to be able to name the compounds and know what their structures are. The names will tell exactly what the compound is. There are very specific rules for naming that must be followed. Each functional group has a name ending that tells what the functional group is. There is also a prefix that tells you the number of carbons. Pentane ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3. Heptane ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3. Ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3. Ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3. Ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch3. Ch3 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2 ch2.

Related Questions

QUESTION 1

In naming branched alkanes, we name alkane branches of different names in _________ order.

	a.	alphabetical
	b.	numeric
	c.	size
	d.	none

QUESTION 2

A 10 carbon hydrocarbon with a 1 carbon group at the 2nd and 4th carbons, a 3 carbon group at the 5th carbon and a 2 carbon group at the 4th carbon would be named ______________.

	a.	5-propyl-4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyldecane
	b.	4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-5-propyldecane
	c.	none
	d.	2,4-dimethyl-4-ethyl-5-propyldecane

QUESTION 3

In naming alkanes, the longest chain is named using a prefix and the suffix _________.

	a.	none
	b.	-yl
	c.	-ane
	d.	-ate

QUESTION 4

In naming branched alkanes, the ___________ chain is given the name of the corresponding n-alkane.

	a.	main
	b.	side
	c.	none
	d.	first

QUESTION 5

In drawing structures from a name, the first step is to ___________.

	a.	draw the carbon skeleton
	b.	add the hydrogens
	c.	none
	d.	draw the branch skeletons

QUESTION 6

In naming branched alkanes, we use __________ to separate the name of the branch from its number.

	a.	an apostrophe
	b.	none
	c.	a dash
	d.	a comma

QUESTION 7

Alkanes are classified as ________ hydrocarbons.

	a.	unsaturated
	b.	transsaturated
	c.	saturated
	d.	none

QUESTION 8

The prefix but- refers to a hydrocarbon with __________ carbons.

	a.	three
	b.	two
	c.	four
	d.	one

QUESTION 9

Alkanes fall into two classifications, __________ alkanes and branched alkanes.

	a.	none
	b.	neat
	c.	normal
	d.	linear

QUESTION 10

The prefix hex- refers to a hydrocarbon with _________ carbons.

	a.	eight
	b.	four
	c.	two
	d.	six

1.Structural isomer refers to organic compound that have the same molecular formula but different structure (bonding pattern is different). This problem is designed to guide you to explore structure isomer.

(a)Go ahead and write Lewis structure for butane (C₄H₁₀). You may draw four C atoms connect straight as like in train.

(b)In the above structure, four C atoms are connected straight in a line. If you move one C atom to the side (like 3 C atoms in a line, one connected to the middle C atom), after you supply all the H atoms to make all the C atoms saturated with 4-bonds each. Will the molecular formula for your structure drawn be different from butane?

( c) Structures you obtained in (a) and (b) are an example of structural isomers. What kind of name we can give to structure in (b) so we can differentiate it from structure in (a)?

2.Alkane is the basic building block of organic compound. We often write alkane chain as a group R. On this basic chain, we can add different functional group, like âOH for alcohol, -COOH for carboxylic acid.

(a)Methanol refers to CH₃OH. Ethanol refers to CH₃CH₂OH. Draw the Lewis structure for these two compounds.

(b) If you have a straight alkane chain, where does âOH group can be attached? How do you name it so you can know where âOH group is attached?

3. Give the Lewis structure for CH₃COOH. Give its systematic name and common name.

4. Ester refers to two alkane chains connected through a single O atom. Write the Lewis structure for this simplest kind of ester: CH₃OCH₃. Find its name and some common use.

5. Benzene molecular formula is C₆H₆. The six carbon atoms are connected to form a ring (hexagon). Draw the Lewis structure for C₆H₆. Do you think the six bond lengths between C-C atoms should be same or not according to your drawn Lewis structure?

Test 1-Multiple Choice: Choose and underline the best answer in each of the following statement/question.

_____1. Which of the following best differentiates an aldehyde from a ketone?

a. In aldehydes, carbon is bonded to a hydroxyl group.

b. In aldehydes, hydrogen is bonded to an oxygen group.

c. In aldehydes, hydrogen is bonded to a carbonyl group.

d. In aldehydes, oxygen is bonded to an oxygen group.

_____2. Which of statement is not true about petroleum and its products?

a. Petroleum is fossil fuel.

b. Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons with sulfur as impurity.

c. There is no harm that comes from the use of petroleum products.

d. Petroleum comes from decomposition of materials of living origin.

_____3. Cooking gas or liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) is a mixture of C₃H₈ and C₄H₁₀. Which are these compounds?

a. pentane and butane b. methane and butane

c. propane and butane d. propane and methane

_____4. Which of the following compounds ionizes in water and, thus conducts electricity poorly?

a. acetic acid b. hydrochloric acid c. distilled water d. sodium hydroxide

_____5. A lead storage cell can function both as an electrolytic cell and as a voltaic cell. When a lead storage battery is being recharged, it converts ________ energy to_____--energy

a. chemical : electrical b. chemical to heat c. electrical to mechanical

_____6. The acid electrolyte in a lead storage battery is

a. HCl b. H₂SO₄ c. HNO₃ d. CH₃COOH

____7. The anode and cathode in a dry cell respectively are

a. Zn and C b. C and Zn c. Pb and PbO₂ d. PbO₂ and Pb

____8. What is the proper name for the compound CH₃CH₂CH₃?

a. ethane b. propane c.butane d. pentane

____9. Which of the following is the simplest hydrocarbon?

a. CH₂ b. C₂H₄ c. CH₃ d. CH₄

____10. Hydrocarbons such as CH₂ =CH₂ are said t be

a. ionic b. aromatic c. saturated d. unsaturated

_____11. Which of the following best describes hydrocarbons?

a. flammable ionic compounds that are insoluble in water and are denser than water

b. flammable ionic compounds that are insoluble in water and are denser than water

c. flammable covalent compound that are insoluble in water and are less dense than water

d. flammable covalent compounds that are soluble in water and less dense than water

_____12. Which of the following will result if hexane and water are mixed?

a. an explosion

b. clear solution of hexane dissolved in water

c. a layer of hexane on top of a layer of water

d. a layer of water on top of a layer of hexane

_____13.Which of the following is not a gas?

a. ethene b. octane c. methane d. acetylene

_____14. Which of the following is another name for wood alcohol?

a. methanol b. propanol c. grain alcohol d. rubbing alcohol

_____15. Which of the following alcohols groups are found in beverages?

a. ethyl b. methyl c. denatured d. wood

_____16. Which of the following is the only element present in organic compounds?

a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. carbon d. nitrogen

_____17. Which of the following is chlorofluorocarbon?

a. C₃F₈ b. CHF₃ c. CFCl₃ d. CHCl₃

_____18.What percent of alcohol is present in vodka which is 90 proof?

a. 9 b. 45 c. 90 d. 180

____20. Which of the following is formed when carbohydrates undergo fermentation process?

a. ethanol b. methanol c. glucose d. formaldehyde

_____21. In ethene, the two carbon atoms are joined by a

a.single bond b. double bond c. triple d. ionic

____22. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CHCH₂CH₃ is

CH₂CH₃

a. 3-methylpentane b. 3-ethylpentane c. 2-ehtylpentane d. 2-methylpentane

____23. The IUPAC name of CH₃-O-CH₃ is

a. methoxymethane b. ethylether c. dimethylether d. dimethyloxide

____24. Which is an alcohol?

a. C₆H₆

b. CH₃-C-CH₃

c. CH₃-O-CH₃

d. CH₃OH

____25. A group which both aldehydes and ketones have in common is

a.-C=O b. âOH c. âO- d. -COOH

___26. The aroma associated with this class of compounds is regarded as pleasant.

a. amides b. esters c. carboxylic acids d. ketones

____27. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂CHO is

a. propanone b. propanol c. propanal d. propionic acid

____28.The âCOOH group is called

a. aldehyde group b. hydroxyl group c. carbonyl group d. carboxylic group

____29.The alkyl group of butane is

a. C₂H₃ b. C₃H₅ c.C₄H₇ d. C₄H₉

____30. The simplest alkene is

a. CH=CH b. CH₂=CH₃ c. CH₂=CH₂ d. CH₃CH=CH₂

Test 2. Answer the following questions completely.(3 points each)

1.Why are alcohols of lower molecular weight more soluble in water than those with higher molecular weights?

2. Which of the following pairs of compounds has

a. higher bolilng point:1-bromopentane or 1-chloropentane _____________________

b. the greater density: heptanes or octane ______________________
c. the higher boiling point :pentyl alcohol or pentylamine ______________________

d. the higher boiling point: hexylamine or dipropylamine ______________________

3. Explain why each of the following names are incorrect.Give the correct IUPAC name.

a. 3-Butanone

b. 1-Butanone

4. What is unique about carbon atom that makes it form numerous compounds?

5. Acetone or propanone is completely soluble in water,but 4-heptanone is completely insoluble.Explain.

Test 3.. Give the name and chemical formula of the functional group of each of the following organic groups. The first one has been done for you.

Organic Group	Functional chemicalfFormula	Functional group name
1.Alkanes	-C-C-	carbon carbon single bond
2.Alkenes
3.Alkynes
4.Alcohols
5. Aldehydes
6. Ketones
7. Thiols
8. Ethers
9.Carboxylic acids
10.Esters
11. Amines
12. Amides

CHEM 281 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Magic 2Ch, Homologous Series, Nonane

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