BPK 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Extracellular Fluid, Autonomic Nervous System, Electrochemical Gradient
4 Oct 2017
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Lecture 7, 8, and 9 neurophysiology foundations. Name and state the functions of cells of the nervous system. Neurons: excitable cells carry electrical signals, dendrites = receive incoming signals, cell body (soma) = integrates information, axons = carry outgoing information to axon terminal. 2: pseudounipolar (bottom image) -> have single process called axon, cell body does not split axon into 2, one continuous axon. 1 axon: secrete neurotrophic factors, multiple schwann cells are needed to myelinate the entire axon, satellite cells, support cell bodies. Myelination: myelin is made of multiple layers of cell membrane. Explain how electrical signals are produced in neurons. Initial amplitude is proportional to the strength of the stimulus and the amount of receptor channels. Action potentials (ap: only depolarization, all-or-none response -> membrane potential needs to reach the threshold potential in order to fire ap. 4: high density of voltage-gated na+ channels is required, na+ is responsible for depolarization.
