BISC 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Cavendish Banana, Colchicine, Salmonidae
13 Dec 2016
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Bisc202 lecture 31: chromosome mutations, large-scale changes (i) Euploidy: multiples of genome (basic chromosome set) Diploid = 2 sets, triploid = 3 sets, tetraploid = 4 sets, etc. Aneuploidy: (not euploidy) single chromosome changes, somy . Trisomy = extra copy of one (or more) Monosomy = missing one copy of one (or more) Partial or complete failure of meiosis or mitosis. Can be to mimic the natural accidents above (ex. Culture of germ cells to produce monoploids. Condition of single chromosome set in organisms that is normally diploid. Monoploid eggs almost always fail to develop. This is due to most of the diploid organism chromosomes carrying recessive deleterious (harmful) mutations in some genes. In diploids, these mutations can be covered by dominant wild type alleles, however in monoploid there is only one set of chromosomes, so only one recessive deleterious mutation is needed to cause damage. Monoploids that do develop to adults are abnormal are almost always sterile.
