BISC 102 Lecture 5: Lecture 5
3 Mar 2017
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Document Summary
Carl linnaeus published systema naturae; introduced taxonomic hierarchy and binomial nomenclature. Led to classic taxonomy: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Tyrannosaurus rex (genus with upper case first letter, species) (italicized for typing, underlined for handwriting) t. rex (after writing tyrannosaurus rex before) Classic taxonomy useful for organizing groups but limited information about evolutionary relationships (within and between groups) Phylogeny = study of evolutionary history of related groups of organisms. Phylogenetic tree = illustration of a hypothesis about relationships among taxa. Organisms grouped together based on shared characteristics resulting from common ancestry. Has single root, x-axis with no units; taxa that diverge from a common ancestor at 1 node = sister taxa. Trees should be built using multiple lines of independent evidence. Monophyletic groups (clades) = common ancestor + all of descendants. Paraphyletic groups = a common ancestor + some but not all of descendants.
