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BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Xylem, Water Potential, Pericycle

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11 Feb 2018

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Biological Sciences

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Professor

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Document Summary

Water moves from areas of high water potential to low water potential due to: solute concentration gradients (osmosis, physical pressure exerted on water. Transport occurs over short distances inn the apoplast (outside of plasma membrane) and symplast (cytoplasm +plasmodesmata) Transpiration (loss of water from leaves) drives the bulk flow of water and nutrients from roots to shoots via xylem = cohesion-tension hypothesis. The rate of transpiration is regulated by stomata (and their guard cells) Sugars are transported from sources to sinks via the phloem. Transpiration: loss of water from leaves; creates a force that pulls xylem sap upwards. Water and minerals are transported upwards from root to shoot in xylem. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Phloem sap transports sugars in both directions from site of production (leaves) to sites of storage (roots) Roots exchange gases with air spaces in soil. Determined by water potential (psi, , sigh) Water flows from areas of high to low water potential.

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Related Questions

2. Which one of the following does not correctly match the form with its function?

a. roots: water and minerals in the soil are absorbed

b. phloem sap: products of photosynthesis are transported from roots to shoots

c. leaves: sugars are produced by photosynthesis

d. xylem sap: water and minerals are transported from shoots to roots

3. If you place flaccid plant cells in pure water, water ________ into cell because it has ________.

a. does not enter the cell; solutes and low water potential

b. enter the cell; solutes and high water potential

c. enter the cell; solutes and low water potential

d. does not enter the cell; solutes and high water potential

burgundycamel845

1. In order for blood to always flow unidirectionally through a closed circulatory system, the ________.

a. capillaries must have a thick endothelium

b. arteries must be elastic

c.pressure in all vessels must be equal

d.blood vessels farthest from the heart must have valves

2. Which one of the following does not correctly match the form with its function?

a. roots: water and minerals in the soil are absorbed

b. phloem sap: products of photosynthesis are transported from roots to shoots

c. leaves: sugars are produced by photosynthesis

d. xylem sap: water and minerals are transported from shoots to roots

3. If you place flaccid plant cells in pure water, water ________ into cell because it has ________.

a. does not enter the cell; solutes and low water potential

b. enter the cell; solutes and high water potential

c. enter the cell; solutes and low water potential

d. does not enter the cell; solutes and high water potential

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

All of these answers are correct

Comparing DNA sequences between species

Looking at the geographic distribution of similar species

Comparing similarities in embryonic development between species

Analyzing transitional fossils

Which one of the following statements is true?

Natural selection works on non-heritable traits.

Mutations only give rise to harmful traits.

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Individuals evolve through natural selection.

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

Natural selection

Which of the following is true concerning evolution?

An individual can evolve

Genetic drift is a non-random part of natural selection

An organism's fitness is determined by how long it survives

Natural selection occurs through a change in allele frequency

All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by photosynthesis.

Atmospheric carbon dioxide taken in by soil bacteria.

Elemental carbon taken in by plant roots.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular respiration.

Elemental carbon taken in by cellular transpiration.

The burning of fossil fuels:

Releases excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Removes pollutants from the atmosphere.

Was developed by scientists to combat global climate change.

Has no effect on the carbon cycle.

Is good for the environment

__________ conducts water and dissolved minerals from the __________ to the ___________.

Phloem; roots; shoots

Xylem; roots; shoots

Phloem; shoots; roots

Xylem; shoots; roots

What is a disadvantage of growing traditional crops such as corn, soy or sugar cane for making biofuel?

they require lots of land and fresh water

they take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

they release oxygen into the atmosphere

they release water through their stomata

______ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?