SSH 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Logical Reasoning, Deductive Reasoning, Soundness
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15 Jul 2016
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In a deductively valid argument, the truth of the premise(s) guarantees the truth of the conclusion(s): that is, it is impossible for there to be true premises and a false conclusion. Another way of saying this is that in a valid argument if all the premises are true, then the conclusion cannot be false. A deductive argument is invalid if and only if it is not deductively valid. That is, deductive arguments must be either valid or invalid (and can"t be both). An example of a valid deductive argument: An example of an invalid deductive argument: What makes an argument valid is the logical relationship between premises and conclusions. An argument with false premises and even a false conclusion may nevertheless be valid. An example of a valid argument with false premises and a false conclusion: An example of a valid argument with false premises and a true conclusion:
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