PSY 302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Facial Action Coding System, Emotion Classification, Heredity
14 Jun 2018
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
Why do we have emotions?
- Emotions help you figure out your preference (what you enjoy and what you don’t)
- Influence your decision
- Emotions can help you adapt and survive
- Primary method to communicate with others
- Example: Crying
- Help creates social bonds with one another to establish and maintain
- Emotions affect our cognitive and physical development
- Most importantly they help us regulate our behaviors
Emotions: Two Approaches
Discrete - thinking of emotions as individual feelings (like a package)
- Basic emotions
- Self-conscious emotions
- Primary emotions, Fundamental core emotions
- Other emotions are different levels and types
Dimensions - emotions being a point on a 2 dimension valance → positive or negative
- Valence
- Activation/Arousal
Basic Emotions
- Ekman - 6 → Happiness, Anger, Sadness, Disgust, Surprise and fear
- Best known model
- Innate and universal
- Automatic
- Represented by distinct facial expressions
- You won’t see anxiety often
- Surprise - is controversial because they don’t consider it a emotion, it’s a bridge to other
emotions like fear or happiness
- The four main emotions are Happiness, fear, anger and sadness and disgust would be
next
FACS - Facial Action Coding System
When do basic emotions emerge?
- Birth: Pleasure and Distress
- 3 months: Happiness (joy) & Sadness; Disgust (starts at 2 but you can see it at proper at
3)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
- Disgust at 3 months is about food not in a judgemental way
- 4-6 months: Anger (can be shown at 2 but better at 4-6)
- The string example with TV
- 6-8 months: Fear
- Fear is last because it needs a more cognitive process
- At about 7-9 months infants can experience the basic emotions and display
corresponding facial features
- Infants can experience emotions earlier and just express them later on
Emotional intelligence - A set of abilities that contribute to competence in the social and
emotional domains
Smiling
- Earliest smile
- Little meaning
- 6-9 weeks
- Begin reliable smiling
- Smile first relatively indiscriminate then selectively
- At about 7 months
- Infants start to smile primarily at familiar people, rather than at people in general
- 18 Months
- Social smiling more frequent toward humans than non humans objects
- End of 2nd year
- Use smiling purposefully
- Show sensitivity to emotional expression of others
- Different types of smiles
- Joy → genuine
- Polite smile → big smile
- Embarrassment smile → trying to downplay the situation
- A happy smile you’ll see crinkles at the eyes → 6-12
- An infant's first smiles aren’t considered reliable
- At 7 months the smile is for reliable people
- Women smile for everyone
- Men smile for women
Recognizing emotions
- By 4 to 7 months, infants can distinguish certain emotional expression
- At 8 to 12 months, children demonstrate social referencing
- At 3 years, children in labs demonstrate rudimentary ability to label a fairly narrow range
of emotional expression
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Social Referencing
- At 12 months of age if mom expresses…
- Joy → 74% cross
- Fear → 0%
- Interest → 73%
- Aanger → 11%
- Sadness → 33%
Self-conscious emotions
- Known as: higher-order emotions, complex emotions, secondary emotions
- Example: Shame, embarrassment, guilt, pride and envy
- Envy - You want it
- Jealousy - You have it but are scared someone might take it
- They require self concept → Being aware as a person, developed cognitively, have a
understanding of appropriateness
- Plays a huge role in regulating behaviour
- Self conscious emotions emerge around 15-18 months and by 3 years they are fully
developed
- One of the first emotions is embarrassment
Self-Awareness Test
- A simple and effective test: Rouge Test
- Dab a bit of makeup on the infants ne
- Place them in front of the mirror
- If they show embarrassment they are aware if they giggle they don’t
- Average awareness begins at 17 to 24 months
- You need self-awareness for self-consciousness
Regulation of Emotions
- As infants, we have some abilities to regulate our emotions
- Strategies:
- Do it yourself
- Sucking pacifier
- Look away
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Emotions help you figure out your preference (what you enjoy and what you don"t) Emotions can help you adapt and survive. Help creates social bonds with one another to establish and maintain. Emotions affect our cognitive and physical development. Most importantly they help us regulate our behaviors. Discrete - thinking of emotions as individual feelings (like a package) Other emotions are different levels and types. Dimensions - emotions being a point on a 2 dimension valance positive or negative. Ekman - 6 happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise and fear. Surprise - is controversial because they don"t consider it a emotion, it"s a bridge to other emotions like fear or happiness. The four main emotions are happiness, fear, anger and sadness and disgust would be next. 3 months: happiness (joy) & sadness; disgust (starts at 2 but you can see it at proper at. Disgust at 3 months is about food not in a judgemental way.
