NSE 22A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Urethral Sphincters, Detrusor Urinae Muscle, Cerebral Cortex
10 Sep 2019
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Document Summary
Kidneys: organs responsible for removing waste from blood. Produce erythropoietin (hormone that stimulates rbc production in one marrow) Produce renin (hormone that regulates blood flow in raas) Involved in calcium and vitamin d regulation. Ureters: tubular structures that transports urine from kidneys to bladder. Urine enters bladder in spurts due to peristaltic waves. Bladder: hollow, distensible muscular organ that stores and excretes urine. Urine is expelled from body by contraction of detrusor muscle. Normal adult urine output: 1500-1600 ml/day, 500 ml/4 hrs or 30 ml/hr. Micturation reflex: when bladder fills, sensory impulses are sent to sacral spinal cord and relayed to pontine micturition centre which relays impulses back to initiate voiding. If person chooses not to void, impulses are relayed to cerebral cortex for voluntary inhibition of detrusor contraction. Urethra: tube that extends from bladder to outside of body through urethral meatus. Kiegel exercise: continence training exercise in which one contracts and relaxes pelvic floor muscle.
