ECN 204 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Savings Account, Human Capital, Weighted Arithmetic Mean
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There are probably a thousand macroeconomic indicators, some measure the overall national economy, but some are more limited in scope. The three most often quoted and publicized are the Gross Domestic Production Index (GDP), the Consumer Price Inflation Index (CPI), and the Unemployment Index. Please complete the short answer questions regarding these three indicators:
A. Use the table below:
Table 6-1
Value (in billions) |
|
Personal consumption expenditures |
$1,000 |
Gross private domestic investment |
$500 |
Net exports |
$300 |
Imports |
$180 |
Government purchases of goods and services |
$280 |
Transfer Payments |
$90 |
a. What is the value of GDP?
b. In each of the following cases indicate if GDP is affected,+ under what category, and what happens to GDP. Be sure to explain why or why it is not included.
- You buy a used textbook from one of your classmates.
- You buy a new umbrella.
- Ella, a French tourist, has a haircut in a salon in San Francisco.
- Oklahoma cleans up after a devastating tornado.
- A pension payment to a retired military person.
B. Why do some people gain and other people lose from inflation and deflation?
C. Define the natural rate of unemployment. Identify three factors that may cause the natural rate to change over time.
D. What is structural unemployment? State the various reasons due to which it can arise in an economy.
1) Assume the following data for a country: total population, 500; population under 16 years of age or institutionalized, 120; not in labor force, 150; unemployed, 23; part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, 10. What is the size of the labor force? What is the unemployment rate?
2) If the CPI was 110 last year and is 121 this year, what is this yearâs rate of inflation? In contrast, suppose that the CPI was 110 last year and 108 this year. What is this yearâs rate of inflation? What term do economics use to describe this second outcome?
3) Use the hypothetical economy data in the table below to answer the following questions.
Amount of Real GDP Demand, in Billions | Price Level (Price Index) | Amount of Real GDP Supplied, in Billions |
$180 | 300 | $500 |
260 | 250 | 400 |
300 | 200 | 300 |
420 | 150 | 200 |
560 | 100 | 100 |
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a) What is the equilibrium price level and the equilibrium level of real output in this hypothetical economy? Use Excel to graph both the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. Can there be equilibrium level of output at below full employment?
b) At what price level will aggregate supply FALL BELOW [equal] aggregate demand? At what price level will demand fall below aggregate supply? If given a price level of 250, will aggregate demand exceed supply?
c) If the aggregate demand schedule shifted by $140 billion to the right at every level, what would be the new equilibrium level of income?