CRM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cesare Beccaria, Actus Reus, Absolute Monarchy
12 Feb 2017
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Historical context for the emergence of classical theories. Emerged out of the changes in the 18th century: intellectual shift: From middle ages to age of enlightenment/reason. Scientific revolution (beliefs about god/spirits replaced by scientific thinking) From absolute monarch rule to representative rule based on the consent of people. Things that could not be explained were chalked up to god, demons, wizardry etc. World was shaped by natural law", given by god: faith is key. Knowledge and explanations of things came from empirical observation and reason. Understanding of creation of society and desired individual behaviours through reason and science: science of man". Gave way to scientific society + modern university. Agricultural economic system based on inherited social ranks. Peasants had economic obligations to the landed aristocracy. Landed aristocracy derived economic privileges, power, and wealth from peasants. Market-based economic system based on private ownership, private property, and wage labour. Industrialization allowed economies of scale and cheap production of commodities.
