CRM 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Maximum Capacity, Risk Management, Offender Profiling
5 Jun 2018
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Corrections in the Community--Intro:
● 63.7%- probation
● Provincial/territorial Custody- 15%
● 77% of criminals are in supervised custody in their communities
Diversion:
● Programs that are designed to keep offenders from being processed further into the
formal justice system
○ Generally used for first time (low risk) offenders, first time with the criminal justice
system
○
● Concerns
○ Net widening
■ A concern that exists- potential consequence
■ First time offender who otherwise would’ve had their charges dropped, is
still brought into contact with the criminal justice system through a
diversionary program
○ Coercion of offenders
Intermediate Sanctions (Alternative or Community Sanctions):
● A wide range of correctional programs that generally fall between probation and
incarceration
○ Fines, community service, day attendance centres (facilities that people attend to
serve out part of their sentence), home detention (can carry electronic monitoring
with it), intensive supervision probation, conditional sentences, halfway houses
● Purpose- provide accountability for the offenders (first purpose)
○ Treatment and rehabilitation (second purpose)
● Section 742 CCC- Conditional Sentences
○ A form of intermediate sanction
○ Dictates that if the offence for the crime would’ve been 2 years or less than an
offender can be sentenced to a conditional sentence
○ Non compliance with conditions can lead to incarceration
● 2012 Bill C-10 Changes
○ Controversy in society about the use of conditional sentences- too lenient, judges
were using them too often
○ Response to those concerns in Bill C-10
■ Restrictions on judges to utilise conditional sentences on cases involving:
● Bodily harm, drug trafficking, use of a weapon
Probation:
● Section 731- If there’s no minimum penalty, a judge can place an offender on probation
for up to 3 years
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
● Adult offenders can be on probation for the following reasons:
○ As part of a conditional charge (mandatory)
○ As a condition of a suspended sentence (mandatory)
○ As part of an intermittent sentence (mandatory)
○ A sentence on it own (the most common)
○ Following a prison term of two years or less
○ In conjunction with a conditional sentence
○ For a federal offender who received a sentence of exactly two years (little known)
■ 12 months is the most common time given
Dual Role/ Activities of Probation Officers:
● Activities: Officers of the Court, Investigation, Counselling, Assessment, Service
Coordination, Surveillance and Enforcement
● Assistance and Support
○ Address issues that contribute to crime
○ Identify resources in the community
● Enforce conditions
○ Ensure compliance with general and specific conditions
Effective Case Management and Determining Risks:
● Identification of risks and needs of offender, and appropriate level of supervision
● Risk management and protection of the public
● Core role of probation officer in completing assessments
○ Identify risk and needs
○ Supervision plan
○ Determine parole
● LSI-R (54 item assessment) and LS/CMI (Considers incarceration history and mental
health problems)
Challenges of Probation Practice:
● Little research done in comparison to police
● Higher levels of stress than general population (particularly true for female officers that
are assigned to male offenders)
● Concerns over safety
● Accessing resources
● Large caseloads
○ 66 offenders for every one probation officer
Electronic Monitoring:
● Front-end
○ EM as condition f early release
○ EM used to support an alternative
○ Ensurers public safety
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
77% of criminals are in supervised custody in their communities. Programs that are designed to keep offenders from being processed further into the formal justice system. Generally used for first time (low risk) offenders, first time with the criminal justice system. First time offender who otherwise would"ve had their charges dropped, is still brought into contact with the criminal justice system through a diversionary program. A wide range of correctional programs that generally fall between probation and incarceration. Fines, community service, day attendance centres (facilities that people attend to serve out part of their sentence), home detention (can carry electronic monitoring with it), intensive supervision probation, conditional sentences, halfway houses. Purpose- provide accountability for the offenders (first purpose) Dictates that if the offence for the crime would"ve been 2 years or less than an offender can be sentenced to a conditional sentence. Non compliance with conditions can lead to incarceration.
