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ACC 406 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Indirect Costs, Arkansas Highway 300, Net Income

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School
Ryerson University
Department
Accounting
Course
ACC 406
Professor
Anthony Chan

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Document Summary

What is (cid:862)cost(cid:863): refers to value forgone to achieve a purpose, as costs are used up in the production of revenues, they are said to expire. In specific, cost refers to economic resources paid for goods. Direct costs (direct tracing) are those costs that can be easily and accurately traced to a cost object. Indirect costs (allocation) are costs that cannot be easily or accurately traced to a cost object. Allocation means that an indirect cost is assigned to a cost object by using a convenient method. Its important because it is needed to determine the value of the inventory, and the amount of cogs. Manufacturing companies have 3 inventory accounts: raw materials, work in process, finished goods. In manufacturing accounting, there are three cost components: direct materials, those materials that are part of the final product. Papers to produce books (raw materials: direct labour, wages paid to those employees who convert materials into products.

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Related Questions

Kubin Company’s relevant range of production is 25,000 to 33,500 units. When it produces and sells 29,250 units, its average costs per unit are as follows:

Average Cost per Unit
Direct materials $ 8.50
Direct labor $ 5.50
Variable manufacturing overhead $ 3.00
Fixed manufacturing overhead $ 6.50
Fixed selling expense $ 5.00
Fixed administrative expense $ 4.00
Sales commissions $ 2.50
Variable administrative expense $ 2.00

Required:

2. Assume the cost object is the Manufacturing Department and that its total output is 29,250 units.

a. How much total manufacturing cost is directly traceable to the Manufacturing Department?

b. How much total manufacturing cost is an indirect cost that cannot be easily traced to the Manufacturing Department?

2. Assume the cost object is the Manufacturing Department and that its total output is 29,250 units.

a. How much total manufacturing cost is directly traceable to the Manufacturing Department? (Round per unit values to 2 decimal places.)

b. How much total manufacturing cost is an indirect cost that cannot be easily traced to the Manufacturing Department?

Show less
2a. Direct materials per unit $8.50
Direct labor per unit 5.50
Variable manufacturing overhead per unit 3.00
Fixed manufacturing overhead per unit 6.50
Total manufacturing cost per unit $23.50
Number of units sold 29,250
Total direct costs $687,375
2b. Total indirect costs

3. Assume the cost object is the company’s various sales representatives. Furthermore, assume that the company spent $117,000 of its total fixed selling expense on advertising and the remainder of the total fixed selling expense comprised the fixed portion of the company's sales representatives’ compensation.

a. When the company sells 29,250 units, what is the total direct selling expense that can be readily traced to individual sales representatives?

b. When the company sells 29,250 units, what is the total indirect selling expense that cannot be readily traced to individual sales representatives?

3. Assume the cost object is the company’s various sales representatives. Furthermore, assume that the company spent $117,000 of its total fixed selling expense on advertising and the remainder of the total fixed selling expense comprised the fixed portion of the company's sales representatives’ compensation.

a. When the company sells 29,250 units, what is the total direct selling expense that can be readily traced to individual sales representatives? (Round per unit value to 2 decimal places.)

b. When the company sells 29,250 units, what is the total indirect selling expense that cannot be readily traced to individual sales representatives?

<a tabindex="1" aria-label="3. Assume the cost object is the company’s various sales representatives. Furthermore, assume that the company spent ${{[a(12)]:#,###}} of its total fixed selling expense on advertising and the remainder of the total fixed selling expense comprised the fixed portion of the company" s="" sales="" representatives’="" compensation.="" a.="" when="" the="" company="" sells {{[a(3)]:#,###}}="" units,="" what="" is="" total="" direct="" selling="" expense="" that="" can="" be="" readily="" traced="" to="" individual="" representatives?="" (round="" per="" unit="" value="" 2="" decimal="" places.)="" b.="" indirect="" cannot="" show="" less'="" class="show gaga" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(22, 72, 131); font-weight: bold; outline: none; font-size: 11px; position: absolute; right: 24px;">Show less
3a. Sales commissions per unit
Number of units sold
Total sales commission
Fixed portion of sales representatives’ compensation
Total direct selling expense
3b. The total indirect selling expense

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A cost center is a unit of a business that incurs costs butdoes not directly generate revenues. Which of the following woulddefinitely not be considered a cost center?
A. Accounting department.
B. Purchasing department.
C. Research department
D. Advertising department.
E. All of these could be considered cost centers.

2. A unit of a business that not only incurs costs, but alsogenerates revenues, is called a:
A. Performance center.
B. Profit center.
C. Cost center.
D. Responsibility center.
E. Expense center.

3. Regardless of the system used in departmental costanalysis:
A. Direct costs are allocated, indirect costs are not.
B. Indirect costs are allocated, direct costs are not.
C. Both direct and indirect costs are allocated.
D. Neither direct nor indirect costs are allocated.
E. Total departmental costs will always be the same.

4. An accounting system that provides information thatmanagement can use to evaluate the profitability and/or costeffectiveness of a department's activities is a:
A. Departmental accounting system.
B. Cost accounting system.
C. Service accounting system.
D. Revenue accounting system.
E. Standard accounting system.

5. Expenses that are easily traced and assigned to a specificdepartment because they are incurred for the sole benefit of thatdepartment are called:
A. Direct expenses.
B. Indirect expenses.
C. Controllable expenses.
D. Uncontrollable expenses.
E. Fixed expenses.

6. Costs that the manager has the power to determine or at leaststrongly influence are called:
A. Uncontrollable costs.
B. Controllable costs.
C. Joint costs.
D. Direct costs.
E. Indirect costs.

7. Responsibility account performance reports:
A. Become more detailed at higher levels of management.
B. Become less detailed at higher levels of management.
C. Are equally detailed at all levels of management.
D. Are useful in any format.
E. Are irrelevant.

8. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof internal business processes which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

9. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof the customer perspective which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A cost center is a unit of a business that incurs costs butdoes not directly generate revenues. Which of the following woulddefinitely not be considered a cost center?
A. Accounting department.
B. Purchasing department.
C. Research department
D. Advertising department.
E. All of these could be considered cost centers.

2. A unit of a business that not only incurs costs, but alsogenerates revenues, is called a:
A. Performance center.
B. Profit center.
C. Cost center.
D. Responsibility center.
E. Expense center.

3. Regardless of the system used in departmental costanalysis:
A. Direct costs are allocated, indirect costs are not.
B. Indirect costs are allocated, direct costs are not.
C. Both direct and indirect costs are allocated.
D. Neither direct nor indirect costs are allocated.
E. Total departmental costs will always be the same.

4. An accounting system that provides information thatmanagement can use to evaluate the profitability and/or costeffectiveness of a department's activities is a:
A. Departmental accounting system.
B. Cost accounting system.
C. Service accounting system.
D. Revenue accounting system.
E. Standard accounting system.

5. Expenses that are easily traced and assigned to a specificdepartment because they are incurred for the sole benefit of thatdepartment are called:
A. Direct expenses.
B. Indirect expenses.
C. Controllable expenses.
D. Uncontrollable expenses.
E. Fixed expenses.

6. Costs that the manager has the power to determine or at leaststrongly influence are called:
A. Uncontrollable costs.
B. Controllable costs.
C. Joint costs.
D. Direct costs.
E. Indirect costs.

7. Responsibility account performance reports:
A. Become more detailed at higher levels of management.
B. Become less detailed at higher levels of management.
C. Are equally detailed at all levels of management.
D. Are useful in any format.
E. Are irrelevant.

8. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof internal business processes which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth

9. Which of the following is an example of a performance measureof the customer perspective which would be found in a balancedscorecard?
A. Product defect rates
B. Number of new customers
C. Employee satisfaction
D. Return on Investment
E. Sales growth