PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Prenatal Development, Gestation, Neuron
15 Jun 2018
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PSYC 100 – Lecture 21
Lifespan Development
Physical Development from Conception through Infancy
• Developmental psychology – is the study of human physical, cognitive, social, and
behavioral characteristics across the lifespan
• Methods for Measuring Developmental Trends
o Cross-sectional design is used to measure and compare samples of people
at different ages at a given point in time
o Longitudinal design follows the development of the same set of
individuals through time
o Cohort effects are differences between people that result from being born
in different time periods
• The Importance of Sensitive Periods
o A sensitive period is a window of time during which exposure to a specific
type of environmental stimulation is needed for normal development of a
specific ability
o . i ’ i , i x
to speech during the first few years of their lives
Zygotes to Infants: One Cell to Billions
• Fertilization to Gestation
o Zygote: the initial cell formed when the nuclei of egg and sperm fuse
o Germinal stage: the first phase of prenatal development, which spans from
conception to 2 weeks
o Embryonic stage: spans weeks 2-8, during which time the embryo begins
developing major physical structures such as the heart and nervous
system, as well as the beginnings of arms, legs, hands, feet
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