LING 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Syntactic Category, Determiner, Grammatical Relation
1 Jun 2016
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Lexical categories transitive: takes on 1+ objects (e. g. he bought his wife a ring. ) Nouns can be qualified by an adjectival phrase (adjp), a prepositional phrase (pp), or a relative clause. Verbs often denote deliberate actions but can also denote states or non-deliberate events. Verbs can be marked for tense, agreement with the subject and object, aspect, modality. Verps occur as the heads of verb phrases (vps). They can take a direct object (transitive) and indirect object (ditransitive) Give (both transitive & ditransitive alice gave a present [direct] to john [indirect]. ) Adjectives denote states, properties, and qualities (always stative). Adjectvies can be marked for agreement with nouns they qualify (not for english). *ends in o, will be masculine, ends in a, will be feminine. Adjectives can be marked for comparative and superlative. Adjectives occur as the head of an adjectival phrase (ap). They can be modified by a degree expression.
