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HLTH 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Unsaturated Fat, Trans Fat, Dietary Fiber

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School
Queen's University
Department
Health Studies
Course
HLTH 102
Professor
Jennifer Tomasone

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Document Summary

Know what nutrients you need and in what amounts + choosing that diet into one that is both available and affordable. Nutrition: the science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease. Macronutrient: an essential nutrient required by the body in relatively large amounts. Micronutrient: an essential nutrient required by the body in relatively small amounts. Digestion: the process of breaking down foods in the gastrointestinal tract into compounds the body can absorb. Kilocalorie: a measure of the energy content in food; one kilocalorie represents the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one litre of water by one degree celsius: commonly known as the calorie. Protein: an essential nutrient; compound made of amino acids that contain carbon, hydrogen, Legumes: vegetables, such as peas and beans, that are high in fibre and also an important source.

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Related Questions

2. General questions about the digestive tract A. Mechanical digestion of all foods begins in the oral cavity. Describe how food is digested mechanically in the oral cavity. B. What is the scientific name for swallowing? Which portions of the pharynx does food pass through when swallowing? What is the function of the esophagus? C. Cells lining the stomach release hydrochloric acid (HCl). How does HCl assist in food digestion? How are the cells lining the stomach protected from being auto-digested by HCl? D. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins must be broken down into their smallest subunits (AKA building blocks) in order to be absorbed through the epithelial lining of the small intestine. Name the building blocks of each of the major classes of nutrients: complex carbohydrates (AKA polysaccharides), fats, and proteins. E. About 99% of all nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. Name the 3 portions of the small intestine. In which of these 3 portions does the greatest amount of nutrient absorption occur (think about the location and length of each segment)? Which type(s) of nutrient(s) is/are absorbed into blood capillaries? Which type(s) of nutrient(s) is/are absorbed into lymphatic capillaries? F. The last portions of the digestive tract are the rectum, anal canal and anus. Name the 2 muscular sphincters located at the anus. When the rectum fills, the defecation reflex is initiated. Describe the events that occur during the defecation reflex. Name the 2 sphincters located at the anus. Which sphincter undergoes involuntary relaxation during the defecation reflex? Which division of the autonomic nervous system causes this sphincter to relax and open? Name the sphincter that you control consciously to stop or initiate defecation.

Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules.During the digestive process these compounds are broken down intosmaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body asbuilding blocks needed for the many components of the human body.The chicken and rice that were eaten by Matt and Maria containedingredients composed of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and othercomponents such as minerals, water and vitamins. ** From the pointthat the specific metabolites are absorbed from the GI tract, tracethe path of the resulting metabolites to the following locations inthe body for incorporation into the body structure: 1.Metabolitesof protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle for musclemaintenance. 2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy tocontract the cardiac muscle cells. 3. Metabolites of fat toincorporate into the myelin sheaths of the Schwann cells of theTrigeminal nerve that innervates the Masseter muscle. 4. Water forincorporation into the synovial fluid of the hip joint. 5. Iron forincorporation into red blood cells in the bone marrow of thesternum.

(Note:1-5 are not answer choices)

Food that we consume is composed of very complex molecules.During the digestive process these compounds are broken down intosmaller and smaller subunits in preparation for use by the body asbuilding blocks needed for the many components of the human body.The chicken and rice that were eaten by Matt and Maria containedingredients composed of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and othercomponents such as minerals, water and vitamins.

** From the point that the specific metabolites are absorbedfrom the GI tract, trace the path of the resulting metabolites tothe following locations in the body for incorporation into the bodystructure:

1.Metabolites of protein for use in the Gastrocnemius muscle formuscle maintenance.

2. Metabolites of the carbohydrates for energy to contract thecardiac muscle cells.

3. Metabolites of fat to incorporate into the myelin sheaths ofthe Schwann cells of the Trigeminal nerve that innervates theMasseter muscle.

4. Water for incorporation into the synovial fluid of the hipjoint.

5. Iron for incorporation into red blood cells in the bonemarrow of the sternum.