GPHY 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Total Dissolved Solids, Rain Gauge, Hydrograph
18 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Percolation when water is transported through the subsurface. Measuring runoff: runoff (q) = precipitation (p) evapotranspiration (et) +/- storage. Temporary storage accumulates sediment; water slows down so sediment drops out. Lakes and reservoirs reduce the impact of floods by increasing potential for infiltration and evaporation losses and slows down the flood wave. Concentrations and fluxes: strong daily and seasonal variations in runoff affect the aount of material in a volume of water at a given point in time (i. e. concentration, in mg of contaminant per litre [point measure]) Flux (or yield) is an interval measure. Amount of substance transported during a unit of time. E. g. mg of substance transported per day: water quality measures are concentrations. Instantaneous point measures: discharge: m3/sec, sediment: mg/s, mercury: g/l. Specific flux; unit area and time basis e. g. mm/km2/h across channel area (a). Q = a x v of water volume). Runoff = volume of water per unit area as a depth (mm)
