GEOL 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Fumarole, Mudflow, Magma Chamber
18 Apr 2016
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Materials extruded during an eruption: quiescent vs. explosive eruptions. Geol104 lecture 10 eruptions, igneous rocks, volcanic rocks: lava columns. Eruption are characterized by outpourings of lava that can last weeks, months, or even years. Eruptions expel particles of fragmented lava and gases at supersonic speeds that evolve into eruption. Contain more water = produce explosive gas: large pressure build up then explosion. Eruption columns not coherent (not in continuous flow) Aa flows have surfaces of rough jagged blocks: blocks that fall off, farther away from source, right at end. Pahoehoe flows have smooth surfaces and resemble twisted braids of rope: closer to source, smooth. Upper surface consists of massive, detached blocks. Now solid and flowing down hill from its weight behind it. Flow is composed of tube-like structures stacked on atop the other. Unlike on surface, under water cools and erupts in little spurts: results in pillow lava, gases. Held in magma by confining pressure mainly water vapour and.
