GEOL 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Overburden Pressure, Monocline

• School: Queen's University
• Department: Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering
• Course: GEOL 104
• Professor: Daniel Layton- Matthews

Document Summary

How do rocks deform: factors that affect rock strength. Temperature: higher temperature rocks deform by ductile deformation whereas cooler rocks deform by brittle deformation. Confining pressure: confining pressure squeezes rocks, making them stronger and harder to break. Rock type: crystalline igneous rocks generally experience brittle deformation, whereas sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with zones of weakness generally experience ductile deformation. Time: forces applied over a long period of time generally result in ductile deformation: ductile vs brittle deformation and resulting rock structures. Folds are evidence that rocks can bend without breaking: refer to lecture 19, slide 9 for how rocks respond to differential. Folds: rocks structures formed by ductile deformation: during crustal deformation, rocks are commonly bent into a series of wave like undulations called folds, characteristics of folds. Generally expressed as an angle relative to north: dip: a line perpendicular to strike, anticlines: are upfolded or arched sedimentary layers.