CHEM 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Nucleophilic Substitution, Disulfide, Van Der Waals Force
28 Apr 2016
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Isomers: molecules with same formula but different structures and properties (non- superimposable mirror images in 3d) Polarity of bond u = q x r u dipole moment (d 1d=3. 336 x 10-30 c. m) Q fraction of charge on electron (1. 6 x 10 -19 c) that has shifted toward the more en atom (divide answer by 1. 6 x 10 -19 c to get % ionic) A nucleophile is a chemical species that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a chemical bond in relation to a reaction. All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition lewis bases. Nucleophiles, often denoted by the abbreviation nu, can be negatively charged or neutral, but every nucleophile contains at least one pair of unshared electrons. Equilibrium favors forming the substitution product if the leaving group is a weaker base than the nucleophile.
