BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Chemical Formula, Aldehyde, Ketone
29 Aug 2016
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3. 1 the carbon atom and organic molecules: Carbon forms 4 covalent bonds with atoms. Isomers: two structures with the same molecular formula, different structures and characteristics. Stereoisomers: same bonding relationships, different spatial positioning of atoms: geometric: cis (double bond together) trans (double bond apart, enatiomers: mirror images. 3. 2 classes of organic molecules and macromolecules: 4 major macromolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins. Polymers: large molecules formed by linking smaller molecules (monamers) carbohydrates, nucleic, proteins found as polymers. Condensation reaction: 2+ molecules combine to form a large, lose monamer. Dehydration reaction: lose water to form large molecules. Hydrolysis reaction: break polymer into smaller units, water product. Include simple sugars, polymers of sugar monomers. Polar bonds make carbohydrates soluble in water. Sugars: simplest sugars: monosaccharides pentases (5 c) & hexases (6 c) = most common. Linked by removing oh- group from one monosaccharide, h from another forms glycosidic bond. Polysaccharides: monosaccharides linked to form: starch: storage in plants.
