BCHM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Restriction Site, Karyotype, Amniotic Fluid
2 Dec 2016
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Lecture objective: describe the size and complexity of the human genome in order to understand the necessity for tools to manipulate dna, discuss the discoveries that allow us to study genetics. The human genome: genes are the key to understanding how an organism exists, human genome contains 3 billion base pairs, ~25,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes, encodes ~ 100,000 proteins. Immense size and complexity of human dna hampered initial research into understanding genes and their expression: human genome project: sequence entire genome in order to understand disease resulting from genetic alterations/mutations, completed in 2003. Sequences are palindromes (2-fold rotational symmetry) can be read forward and backward. Se(cid:395)ue(cid:374)(cid:272)e of top st(cid:396)a(cid:374)d (cid:396)ead 5(cid:859)-3(cid:859) sa(cid:373)e as (cid:271)otto(cid:373) st(cid:396)a(cid:374)d 5(cid:859)-3(cid:859: nomenclature, restriction enzymes are named according to the bacteria they are isolate from. In general, #bp/cleavage event = 4(length recognized: res will cleave genomic dna in very specific patterns.
