BCHM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Acetyl-Coa, Anaerobic Glycolysis, Monosaccharide
2 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Most abundant organic compounds found in nature. Functions: provide energy in diet, provide storage form of energy (glycogen, components of mammalian cell membranes, cell wall components in bacteria, components of insect exoskeleton. Car(cid:271)ohydrates are (cid:862)hydrates of (cid:272)ar(cid:271)o(cid:374)(cid:863) (cid:894)(cid:272)ar(cid:271)o(cid:374) (cid:449)ith (cid:449)ater(cid:895) (ch2o)n for most simple carbohydrates n can be any number greater than three. Classified according to: the number of carbons they contain, they oxidation state of their carbonyl group. Aldoses contain an aldehyde (end of molecule) Ketoses contain a keto group (centre of molecule) Monosaccharides can be joined to form longer structures by glycosidic bond: disaccharides contain two monosaccharides, oligosaccharides contain 3-10 monosaccharides, polysaccharides contain 10 + monosaccharides can be 100s of sugars long. Homopolysaccharides contain only one type of sugar i. e. glycogen (stored glucose) is a homopolymer of glucose. Heteropolysaccharides contain more than one type of monosaccharids. Isomers: compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures: glucose, mannose, galactose and fructose all c6h12o6.
