ANAT 216 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Adrenal Gland, Adrenal Medulla, Extracellular Fluid
28 Apr 2018
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ANAT 216 week 5 lecture3
Endocrine sys
What?
Influences the metabolic cells of the body via hormones
Endo glands are ductless and secrete hromones into interstitial fluid containing
blood vessels which spread hormones t/out body
Major organs: pit, pineal, parathryroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands
Endocrine tissues: pancreas, gonads and hypo
Small amount of endo tissue: stomach, SI, kidney and heart
Hormone
class
Aa derived: common, bind to cell memb Rs bc too large to diffuse across, activate 2nd
messengers (cAMP) in cytoplasms of target cell which alters enzymatic activity
ex. catecholamines, peptide, melatonin
Steroids: r made form cholesterol and eleased by gonads and adrenal glands, gland
cells prod and release hormones which are taken up by surrounding blood vessels,
diffuse easily into target cell and bind intracellular R in cytoplasm/nucleus
activated R makes its way to chromatid where it binds to DNA and causes act/inact
of genes alters rate of RNA transcription alters metabolic activity
Hypothalamus
King pin, reg activity of endo sys via 3
mechanisms
1. Direct neural control over adrenal
cells of adrenal medulla (SNS)
releases NE+E
2. Acts as endo organ and releases
ADH/vasopressin and oxytocin,
hormones then trans to posterior
pit
3. Secretes reg hormones that control
activities of endo cells in anterior pit
Pit gland
Sela turcica of sphenoidn bone, connected
by infundibulum to hyp
Posterior pit
Nuerohypophysis or pars nervosae=
posterior lobe and infundibulum
Neural tissue composed of peutocytes,
nerve fibers (axons and axon terminals)
makes ADH which decreases water lost in
kidney + oxytocin which stim smooth
muscle of uterus to contract and release
milk from boobds, neurohormones release
hormones made in hypo
Anterior pit
Glandular comp of pit, sep into 3 parts:
Pars distalis: major distal portion, prod +
releases 6 hormones
TSH: from thyrotropic cells targets thyroid
gland to reg development of thyroid
ACTH: from corticotropic cells and stim
hormone prod in adrenal gland
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Influences the metabolic cells of the body via hormones. Endo glands are ductless and secrete hromones into interstitial fluid containing blood vessels which spread hormones t/out body. Major organs: pit, pineal, parathryroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands. Small amount of endo tissue: stomach, si, kidney and heart. Aa derived: common, bind to cell memb rs bc too large to diffuse across, activate 2nd messengers (camp) in cytoplasms of target cell which alters enzymatic activity ex. catecholamines, peptide, melatonin. Hypothalamus king pin, reg activity of endo sys via 3 mechanisms: direct neural control over adrenal cells of adrenal medulla (sns) releases ne+e, acts as endo organ and releases. Adh/vasopressin and oxytocin, hormones then trans to posterior pit: secretes reg hormones that control activities of endo cells in anterior pit. Sela turcica of sphenoidn bone, connected by infundibulum to hyp. Nuerohypophysis or pars nervosae= posterior lobe and infundibulum. Glandular comp of pit, sep into 3 parts:
