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PHILOS 2TT3 Lecture Notes - Relativism

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School
McMaster University
Department
Philosophy
Course
PHILOS 2TT3
Professor
V Igneski

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Document Summary

Value worthy of pursuit (happiness, freedom). Validity dependent upon: personal choice (subjectivism, cultural acceptance (conventionalism) Imperialism: the forcing of adoption of universal standards. Descriptive claim that cultures have different moral norms. It is the case that this is the way it is, not that this is the way it should be. Critique: no basis for criticism of other cultures no wrong or right between cultures, ultimately, no basis for reform, difficult to define culture. Relativist response: some space for moral argument and critique:

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Related Questions

1. The escape speed Vis the minimum speed needed to project a mass m upward from thesurface of another
mass M (such as a planet, asteroid, or star). It is given byusing:

M = 1.99 × 1030 kg ,

G= gravitational constant 6.67 x10-11 N*m2/kg2

R = 6.96 × 108m. is the radius of thesurface from the center of M

v=√2GM ====>>>>>> v= 6.1758 x105 m/s

R
a) Suppose the Sun mysteriously begins to contract. What would bethe radius for which v escape fromthesurface equals the speed of light c? [This radius is known as theSchwarzschild radius. Anything thrown from that surface willeventually fall back on the surface. Interestingly Newton’suniversal gravitation and Einstein’s general relativity predict thesame value fo the Schwarzschild radius.]

b) Find the Schwarzschild radius for Earth’s mass 5.97 ×1024 kg.

Which of the following statements is not a prediction of the general theory of relativity?

(a) Different observers can disagree about the fundamental structure of spacetime.

(b) Time runs slightly slower on the surface of the Sun than on the surface of the earth.

(c) The Universe has no boundaries and no center.

(d) A binary star system with two stars orbiting each other rapidly emits gravitational waves.

(e) The curvature of spacetime can distort the appearance of distant objects.

(question by Henry Greenside, Duke Physics)

Consider three identical square planar mirrors that are gluedtogether to form three adjacent sides of a cube meeting at acorner, with the mirrored sides all facing towards each other. Showthat these mirrors act as a universal reflector that sends lightback to its source: any light beam entering this arrangement ofmirrors will leave parallel and opposite to its originaldirection.

If you look into such a corner reflector, what kind of image willyou see of your face?

Note: Such corner reflectors were left on the surface of the moonby Apollo astronauts and were used in ranging experiments, in whichlaser beams from an observatory on Earth were bounced off thesurface of the Moon and returned to the observatory, with the timeof transit being measured. This enabled the distance from the Earthto the Moon to be measured with high accuracy which has been usefulin testing the theory of general relativity and also forinvestigating the geology and origin of the Moon.